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Competitive Intelligence & Perceptions Management
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CLARO
Wednesday, 31 January 2007

 TIGRESA VERSUS DRAGÃO

VALORIZAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO

Miguel Sousa Tavares, no Expresso:

" (…) De entre as vaguíssimas e piedosas intenções do Governo na aplicação dos 21,5 mil milhões de euros do terceiro e último Quadro Comunitário de Apoio, houve uma que me chamou a atenção, pela sua requintada hipocrisia: a 'valorização do território'. Mas, qual território? O pouco que restar, depois de toda a Reserva Agrícola, Reserva Ecológica e Rede Natura terem sido sacrificadas aos projectos PIN - que, agora, já não abrangem apenas urbanizações turísticas mas também pisciculturas e fábricas de móveis? Ora, deixem-se de hipocrisias e concentrem-se, ao menos, em alguma coisa de concreto: querem valorizar o território que resta, depois de terem vendido tudo o que interessava preservar? Então, devolvam-nos o Terreiro do Paço. Corram com os tapumes dali, desistam daquela impossível via subaquática e voltem lá a pôr o Cais das Colunas. Dez anos depois, é o mínimo exigível.» 

 in Expresso 

Miguel S. Tavares não percebeu e outros também ainda não…  Mas isso não impede: a "valorização do território" é um conceito chave para o desenvolvimento. Um conceito-chave que tem sido soberbamente ignorado por presumidos governantes e líderes de opinião.

A 'valorização do território' é o conceito a montante de "ordenamento" (o que lhe dá racionalidade, o que responde à questão "ordenar para quê, como e com objectivos?"). Sem “valorização do território” todo o “ordenamento” se reduz a uma casca vazia, a uma forma estúpida (porque evacuou a inteligência que, justamente, lhe deveria ter dado a forma para os definidos objectivos)  de ocupar e dar dinheiro a burocratas e “vendedores” de “estudos e projectos” e infernalizar a vida das populações, provocando o caos. É, de resto, o que tem há décadas acontecido neste sítio mal frequentado.

É, portanto, de imprescindível necessidade e até hoje todo o "ordenamento" a ignorou… e, talvez, por isso deu nesta "ordenação" à vista de todos, incluindo Miguel S. Tavares.

Para analisar há que ver mais que o que está à vista (esta "ordenação"), há que ver o que atrás ou ainda o que falta (a "valorização", por exemplo). Só pela introdução deste conceito o QREN já valeu a pena e José Sócrates está de parabéns. Daqui a pouco, ainda o vamos ouvir falar de… Inteligência Económica” !

CHINA "ATACA" EM ÁFRICA

pilhagem ou desenvolvimento

pergunta a "Diplomatie"...

diplomatie.jpg

Chineses: Primeiros Problemas Graves em África

Nigerian Gunmen Kidnap Chinese Oil Workers

Suspected armed militants attacked a Chinese oil company in the Southern Nigeria state, Bayelsa, Thursday, kidnapping at least two Chinese workers.

Bayelsa State Police Commissioner Hafiz Ringim confirmed the attack. He says one of the assailants died, following a shoot-out with security forces.

Gunmen also broke into the finance offices of the China Petroleum Company and stole some money.

Some 100 hostages--mainly workers in the oil industry--have been kidnapped in the Niger Delta, in the past year.

Thursday's abduction was the second involving Chinese this month in the restive oil-rich region. Five Chinese telecom workers seized by unidentified gunmen on January 5 were released last week.

Until recently, China felt immune from attack, because of secret protection payments to the main separatist group fighting for a greater share of Nigeria's oil wealth. But rival groups have stepped up their campaign to cripple the multibillion-dollar oil industry--and profit from the kidnappings.

The Niger Delta violence has cut Nigerian oil output by more than 25 percent.

In line with the Chinese experience, hostages are often released after a few days or weeks in captivity, with the payment of ransom. A group of 24 Filipinos, abducted last week, is still being held.

QUANDO A REALIDADE MAIS

QUE ULTRAPASSA A FICÇÃO!

" Masturbação masculina e masturbação feminina

no observatório da jiahad 

A anedota diz que a primeira é antiga e a segunda é moderna, porque uma é manual e a outra é digital. Mas a realidade supera a ficção.
O xeque Yussuf al-Qaradawi, famoso predicador, chefe espiritual dos Irmãos Muçulmanos e amigo do mayor de Londres explica num video publicado por MEMRI que a masturbação masculina não tem nenhum problema, mas a masturbação feminina puede levar à morte. A explicação que dá é muito sensata: ao fazê-lo pode romper o hímen, e o pai, irmão ou futuro marido da rapariga podem matá-la! in Eurabian News

posted by Sliver @ 9:38 PM 0 comments  

" A propósito

Helena Matos
in Blasfémias

«Governo israelita aprova nomeação de ministro árabe. O Knesset vai hoje pronunciar-se sobre a histórica escolha de Raleb Majadele. O Conselho de Ministros, reunido em Jerusalém, aprovou ontem por larga maioria a nomeação histórica do deputado trabalhista Raleb Majadele como o primeiro árabe a ser ministro desde que em 1948 foi criado o Estado de Israel.»Em que país muçulmano seria possível nomear um ministro judeu? A propósito as pessoas que ficam feridas ou são mortas durante os actuais conflitos na faixa de Gaza serão orfãs? Nenhum desses mortos ou feridos tem mãe, irmãs, mulheres... que os chore? Desta vez não se vêem os feridos nas ambulâncias? Nem há roupa ensanguentada no chão? Ou será que a fábrica de imagens só funciona quando Israel dispara?

Bernard Lewis, um reputado especialista em questões do Médio Oriente, afirma que o Velho Continente está prestes a ser tomada pelos muçulmanos porque «os europeus perderam o respeito pela sua própria cultura»

A declaração foi feita num encontro com jornalistas do Jerusalem Post, em Israel. O Professor Bernard Lewis declarou que «em breve», o Islão tomará conta de toda a Europa devido à promoção do «multi-culturalismo» e do «politicamente correcto» entre os povos do Velho Continente.
«Os Europeus estão a perder a lealdade a si mesmos, a sua auto-confiança. Não têm respeito pela própria cultura», declara Lewis, para quem a questão é agora «se teremos uma Europa islamizada ou um Islão europeu».
O académico frisa o «crescente apoio aos grupos extremistas por parte de membros das comunidades muçulmanas» da Europa.
Contra a onda islâmica e contra regimes como o de Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, no Irão, Bernard Lewis defende uma resposta comunicacional.
«Uma campanha agressiva de televisão e rádio dirigida aos sectores muçulmanos moderados» é parte da receita do estudioso para um bom relacionamento entre o Ocidente e o Islão, exemplificando com a influência crescente dos media israelitas na Jordânia e mesmo no Irão.
Bernard Lewis, judeu de nacionalidade americana nascido em Londres, é considerado pelos seus pares o mais influente historiador do Islão e Médio Oriente do pós-guerra. O professor da Universidade de Princeton é autor de obras como A Crise do Islão e O Que Correu Mal?, popularizadas após os atentados do 11 de Setembro.

in SOL (pedro.guerreiro@sol.pt)
.

" Passo a passo

 

por Ferreira Fernandes
in Correio da Manhã, 29. Jan. 2007

Posso pedir uma sande de presunto? A pergunta não é parva. Porque, se posso, só significa que AINDA posso. Não vai durar. Para o mês que vem, a China vai celebrar o início do Ano do Porco, uma tradição milenar. E, no entanto, vai ser uma celebração muito prudente (assim como eu a perguntar: posso pedir febras?). A Nestlé ia fazer uma campanha intitulada ‘Feliz Novo Ano do Porco’, com um recozinho a sorrir. Ia, já não vai: a televisão oficial chinesa proibiu a campanha, para não ofender os muçulmanos chineses. Outro lugar, a mesma história: taxistas de Mineápolis, EUA, que são na maioria muçulmanos, recusam-se a transportar quem chega ao aeroporto com uísque comprado nas lojas francas. Estas notícias fazem-me mal à diabetes: desato a comer toucinhos-do-céu.

 posted by Sliver @ 3:40 PM 0 comments  

" Londres: Cada vez mais jovens muçulmanos defendem charia

 Um número crescente de jovens muçulmanos na Grã-Bretanha são favoráveis à charia, ao véu islâmico para as mulheres e às escolas confessionais, segundo uma sondagem publicada hoje no Reino Unido.
O estudo, realizado junto de 1.003 muçulmanos pelo instituto Policy Exchange, revela igualmente um apoio político cada vez maior às organizações islâmicas radicais entre os jovens.
«A emergência de uma identidade muçulmana forte na Grã-Bretanha é, em parte, o resultado das políticas multiculturais colocadas em prática nos anos 1980, que acentuaram a diferença em detrimento de uma identidade nacional partilhada e dividiram as pessoas segundo as linhas de partilha étnicas, religiosas e culturais», comentou Munira Mirza, que dirigiu a redacção do relatório.
Segundo o inquérito realizado por Internet e telefone, 37% dos jovens entre os 16 e os 24 anos afirmam que preferem viver segundo a lei da charia (lei islâmica), contra apenas 17% das pessoas com mais de 55 anos.
A mesma percentagem de jovens muçulmanos diz preferir enviar as suas crianças para escolas muçulmanas públicas e 74% defendem que as mulheres muçulmanas devem usar o véu islâmico em público.
Entre as pessoas com mais de 55 anos, estes números são respectivamente de 19 e 28%.
Segundo o mesmo estudo, 7% do total dos inquiridos afirmam «admirar as organizações como a Al-Qaeda, que estão dispostas a combater o Ocidente».
O número é de 13% entre os jovens e de 3% entre os mais velhos.
De acordo com a sondagem, 71% das pessoas com mais de 55 anos indicam ter tantas ou mais coisas em comum com os não-muçulmanos da Grã-Bretanha do que com os muçulmanos fora do país, mas esse número desce para os 62% na faixa etária entre os 16 e os 24 anos.
«Existe claramente um conflito no seio do Islão britânico entre uma maioria moderada que aceita as regras da democracia ocidental e uma minoria crescente que não as aceita», afirmou Munira Mirza.
«O sentimento religioso entre os jovens muçulmanos não consiste em seguir as tradições culturais dos seus pais, mas o seu interesse pela religião é mais politizado», acrescentou.
in
Diário Digital

posted by Sliver @ 3:33 PM 0 comments    "

TERRORISMO: UM SACO

 DE GATOS FURIOSOS...

Desde o "09.11" que parece ter-se desatado um saco de gatos furiosos. Mais furiosos a cada dia que passa... Exacerbação dos tradicionais conflitos entre estados da zona islâmica, de Marrocos até ao Bangla-Desh e de que a corrida ao nuclear é só um dos aspectos, ódios crescentes entre comunidades xiitas e sunitas numa vasta área geográfica em que as fronteiras de sangue e de fé não coincidem com as dos estados, reaparecimento em força do velho KGB a pretexto do terrorismo islâmico no interior da URSS, perdão da Russia, e mesmo entre velhos aliados ocidentais o acentuar de fissuras entre europeus (sobretudo os da "Europa francesa") e americanos e ainda o uso da guerra como arma de arremesso de democratas contra republicanos nos USA... É muita coisa para ser resolvida em pouco tempo! Daí que se possa perspectivar a "guerra do terrorismo" como um ou o aspecto principal da mudança de modelo global, tanto geopolitico como geoeconómico. Ou seja, esta "guerra do terrorismo" é o processo de aceder a um mundo que será totalmente novo e bastante diferente. Veja-se  a evolução recente:

mapa1.jpg

Um dos mapas da "Diplomatie"...

" Musharraf's Inability to Control Pakistani Air Force is a Sign of Weakness

By Daveed Gartenstein-Ross

A new article on Adnkronos International by Syed Saleem Shahzad provides a glimpse of Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf's weakness. After last week's bomb blasts in Islamabad and Peshawar, Musharraf asked Pakistan's air force to carry out a strike on Islamabad's largest madrassa. Two of the Pakistani Taliban's leading ideologues, Ghazi Abdul Rasheed and Maulana Abdul Aziz, are holed up there.

Shahzad reports:

[S]ources told AKI that Musharraf reportedly told a gathering of senior officials at a meeting in Rawalpindi: "I don't want them in federal capital. If you are unable to arrest them . . . shoot them." Those attending reportedly disagreed categorically with the idea of an air strike in the capital city, and pointed out that the students of the influential clerics have already staged a powerful protest in the past few days against the demolition of two mosques in Islamabad and they are a force to be reckoned with.

In other words, Musharraf asked the air force to carry out a strike in Pakistan's capital city, and they refused to do so. According to a senior U.S. military intelligence source that I spoke with, the reason Musharraf asked the air force to carry out the strike is because Pakistan's army had already refused to raid the mosque. The source said that this further demonstrates the problem with Pakistan's security services: they are too close to the fundamentalists, such that Musharraf cannot exert full control over his military.

Which brings to mind a chilling thought: if Musharraf is unable to order an air strike in his own capital city, how can he control his nuclear arsenal?

January 30, 2007 07:28 PM   Link     TrackBack (0)     Print

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"  New Anti-Terrorism Caucus Formed in U.S. House

By Zeyno Baran

Today at a press conference in the U.S. Capitol, U.S. Representative Sue Myrick (R-NC), along with Representatives Bud Cramer (D-AL), Kay Granger (R-TX), and Ben Chandler (D-KY) formally announced they have formed a new bipartisan Congressional Anti-Terrorism Caucus. Myrick, Cramer, Granger, and Chandler are the co-chairs of the new caucus.

The Caucus mission statement states that it "serves to educate Members of Congress, their staff and the general public about the threats to our country that are fueled by extremist ideologies. The Caucus recognizes that terrorism is not a Democrat or Republican problem; it is a critical issue for all Americans. To this end, the Caucus will facilitate an educational process and healthy exchange of ideas in a bipartisan setting."

Focus on the threat from "extremist ideologies" is much-needed and long-overdue. The new Caucus will meet in the coming months to hear from leading experts on issues such as terrorist financing and their use of the internet.

In her press release, Representative Sue Myrick states, "Terrorists don't target Democrats or Republicans. They target Americans, and this is why we must face this issue as Americans… Members of Congress and the American public must know the threats we face from radical jihadist terrorists. This caucus will give Congress the tools and resources it needs to communicate those threats to the public, as well as help them make more informed decisions when it comes to terrorist issues…. This caucus is long overdue, and I'm glad we are doing this. Americans have desired to know what is really going on and what it means to them. My hope is that this caucus will be able to spur on an educated national dialogue on this issue so that we can unite as Americans did during World War II."

Read More » 

January 30, 2007 05:07 PM   Link     TrackBack (0)     Print

.

 

" Europe Resists U.S. Push to Curb Iran Ties

By STEVEN R. WEISMAN

The resistance threatens to open a new rift between Europe and the United States over Iran...

 

"  Redirecting Iraq's campaign

By Walid Phares

In short, President George W. Bush's plan for "redirecting" the Iraq campaign is logical, in line with the war on terror and targets the correct enemies of Iraq, of democracies and of the United States. But the plan needs to fit within a global vision of winning the global conflict with the lJihadists, on a long term policy, win the support of the new Congress, and be well-explained to the American people by the various levels of the Administration. This is where the beef is. On the other hand, the response by the Democratic led Congress as stated by Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) is also logical, touches sensitive issues if the Iraq battlefield, and lays out the normal outcome of a strategic success, that is the return of the troops. So are the White House and Congress in harmony? We will see. Both have advanced what is essentially logical. The President challenge is to make sure his bureaucracy follows him thoroughly, and the Congress' challenge is to make sure the American public sees the big picture the legislators are not revealing yet for the future. Let's wait and see how Washington's new dual approach will fare in the very near future.

Following are quick comments on the main relevant points in the President's speech and the Democratic response immediately the announcements.

Read More »

 

January 29, 2007 09:03 AM   Link    

 

CHINA 2007 - ANÁLISE DA STRATFOR

" China's Concerns in 2007:

    Fears of a Perfect Storm

By Rodger Baker

Strategic ForecastingThe year 2007 is an important one for China's leadership. At the National People's Congress (NPC) session in March, the government is likely to enact legislation equalizing the status of private property with state property and addressing the imbalance in tax rates between foreign and domestic businesses -- both moves designed to encourage domestic Chinese entrepreneurship. In the fall, the Communist Party of China (CPC) will meet for its Congress -- bringing changes to the Politburo, stacking the political deck with supporters of President Hu Jintao and providing an early glimpse of the next-generation leadership slated to take power in 2012. Lastly, this is the final year of preparations for the symbolically important summer Olympics, which Beijing will host in 2008.

As the regime takes on these social and economic challenges and lays the groundwork for a smooth continuation of power for the next half-decade, there is a core concern among China's top leaders, more acute for 2007 than in many other years: Taiwan. Parliamentary elections will take place there this year -- the final year of President Chen Shui-bian's second term. The Chinese are also very much aware of the political shift in Washington and the window of time until the U.S. presidential elections in 2008. These factors, along with Beijing's apparent obsession with maintaining stability and a positive public image ahead of the Olympics, are combining to create a perfect storm of conditions that, from Beijing's perspective, signal Taiwan will take the final political step of declaring independence in 2007.

To fully grasp the implications of this perspective -- and how China's fears are likely to drive its actions -- it is useful to consider the state of affairs that long has been agreed upon by mainland China, Taiwan and the United States.

Under the present arrangement, China has the seat at the United Nations and Taiwan is viewed officially as merely an "economic" area. In every realistic sense, Taiwan conducts its economic, political and social affairs as a sovereign state -- though of course, China exerts its own influence and money in order to limit the number of nations that recognize the island diplomatically as an independent state. Everyone else just plays along -- paying lip service to mainland China's position while carrying out diplomatic and economic relations with Taiwan in "semi-official" ways. So long as China doesn't invade or physically reclaim Taiwan and Taipei doesn't formally declare independence, an uneasy half-truth is perpetuated, and both sides go about their business.

By its own calculus, China cannot afford to lose Taiwan to a formal independence move. The social and political structure of mainland China -- not to mention the legitimacy of the CPC -- are still, to a great degree, predicated on actively maintaining the myth that Taiwan is a part of China. And while Beijing and the international media have moved away from using the overt and loaded appellation of "breakaway province" to describe Taiwan, a formal declaration of independence -- unless met with a swift military response -- would significantly weaken the regime.

At the same time, Beijing does not want to undertake military action against Taiwan. For one thing, while China might have the military power to hurt Taiwan badly, it is not capable of the kind of
sustained operation that would be required to invade and forcibly reunify Taiwan. Second, any such invasion of Taiwan would draw in the United States and possibly Japan -- neither of which, for strategic and geographic reasons, can allow China to reclaim Taiwan and thus project power into the midst of the South China Sea and its vital sea-lanes. In general, the United States has sought to keep separatist sentiments in Taiwan contained: It offers assistance and military sales to Taiwan on the condition that Taipei will not force the independence issue and draw the United States into a war with China.

This trilateral relationship has been frequently strained and tested, most noticeably (in recent times) with the lead-up to Taiwan's 1996 elections. At that time, Beijing carried out missile tests in the Taiwan Strait, and the United States sent two carrier battle groups into the area to keep the two sides from tangling. During the past decade, though, the balance has been maintained primarily through political means: Washington carefully controls Chen's "instigations" through comments by government officials, diplomats and others; through selective permission (or denial) of flight stopovers in the United States; and through economic and political dialogue with Beijing.

Since Sept. 11, 2001, the United States has been particularly keen on keeping Chen under control, taxed as it has been with U.S. military forces caught up in conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq and the emerging nuclear crises in North Korea and Iran. During this time, Washington has adopted a more cooperative track with China, pushing the "responsible stakeholder" dialogue as a way to engage Beijing and keep tensions down. Though the Defense Department frequently has sought to stir up
fears of the "China threat" and Congress has pursued economic action related to the Chinese trade imbalance and currency rates, the general tenor of relations between Beijing and Washington has been smooth for the past five years.

Correctly or otherwise, however, Beijing now sees this era as potentially coming to an end -- and Taiwan as being at the center of the shift. On Jan. 17, in comments that were given substantial play in the Chinese press, Yang Yi -- a spokesman for the State Council's Taiwan Affairs Office -- said 2007 is a crucial year for opposing Taiwanese secessionist activities, and warned that Taipei might seek "de jure independence." Yang's comments were not all that unusual: Chinese officials, particularly those in the Taiwan Affairs Office, frequently caution against Taiwanese independence moves, and Beijing was particularly provoked this month over an overnight stopover Chen made in San Francisco on Jan. 8. Beijing viewed this as an intentional snub on Washington's part and as a major shift in the U.S. attitude from less than a year ago, when the United States denied Chen permission for a similar stopover.

From Beijing's standpoint, there are three situations that could come together this year to herald a crisis on the Taiwan front.

The Shift in Washington

First, the leadership in Beijing is extremely concerned that the shift from Republican to Democratic control in the U.S. Congress could spell the beginning of the end of the current round of rapprochement in Sino-U.S. relations. Though Beijing views the Republicans as being hawkish on the military front (and as the key voices in the "China threat" line of argument in the United States), it also sees this movement as having been subsumed by the Republican White House, which has advocated a more balanced and consultative approach to Chinese relations.

There are no such expectations of the Democratic Congress.

China now anticipates a move to push economic and financial actions against China through Congress. It is the Democratic Party that is seen as the most motivated to attack the established economic and business relationships between the two powers. With the Democrats in charge of the legislature and the popularity of the Bush administration fading, Beijing sees little that would stop Congress from becoming more aggressive in its moves to punish or contain China.

A related concern, tied to the extended U.S. war in Iraq, then begins to emerge. Again, peering through the Chinese lens, the war is unpopular among Americans, and the Democrats -- positioning themselves for presidential elections next year -- will seek to reduce the U.S. presence in Iraq. However, they cannot afford to look dovish. To demonstrate that the party is strong on U.S. national security, and to gain support from the Pentagon, the Democrats could shift attention to issues like North Korea and China. China's military restructuring and its recent
space experiments are perfect fodder for Democratic presidential hopefuls seeking to point out the failures of a presidency that, it will be argued, has gotten the United States tied down in an interminable war in Iraq and missed the "real" threats on the horizon, such as China.

That concern by itself would be manageable for Beijing. After all, the regime has balanced competing pressures from the United States before. The political shift and cycles in Washington could complicate matters at the CPC Congress and the NPC session next year (where a new vice president is likely to be named), but this does not constitute a crisis. However, if Taiwan generates significant pressure this year as well, the U.S. Congress could compound that pressure by giving tacit or overt support to the island's moves toward independence.

Taiwan: Chen Presses Ahead

This is Chen's final full year in office. Presidential elections are scheduled for March 2008, and Chen, having already served two terms, will not be eligible to run again. China sees Chen -- a member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (the "pro-independence" party in Taiwan) -- as an ideologue; someone who will do everything in his power (and maybe a little beyond his power, as constitutional amendments in 2005 demonstrated) to bring about Taiwanese independence. And his time is running out.

Chen already has spearheaded one round of constitutional revisions in Taiwan, having added the right of referendum to the document in 2005. That is something Beijing fears will pave the way for a popular vote on independence in Taiwan. Chen also has pushed for use of the name "Taiwan" to be used on Taiwanese passports, instead of the "Republic of China" nomenclature preferred by Beijing. (The existing terminology pays at least historical homage to the Taiwanese government's original claim to legitimacy as the government of all of China -- and this keeps the "one China" illusion alive).

At this point, Chen is continuing with moves to create a "Taiwan identity," which ultimately would smooth the path toward independence.

First, he is pressing with renewed vigor for Taiwan to gain a seat of its own at the United Nations -- or, at minimum, to have all of the island's positions there officially placed under the name "Taiwan." Both changes would qualify as steps away from the status quo and toward a more formal recognition of Taiwan's sovereignty from mainland China. This, by the way, is both the perception of the leadership in Beijing and the way Chen himself publicly characterizes the measures.

Chen is also pushing for additional constitutional reform in 2007. Under the changes passed in 2005, any new constitutional reform would need approval both from parliament and, by referendum, from Taiwanese citizens.

Though there is little concrete thus far in Chen's proposals for additional changes, he has played up one key issue -- redefining the territory of Taiwan. According to Article 4 of the Taiwanese Constitution, "The territory of the Republic of China within its existing national boundaries shall not be altered except by a resolution of the National Assembly."

The definition of this territory, however, is interpreted, as per the preamble to the constitution, as the territory of the Republic of China founded by Sun Yat Sen -- a territory that, in the 1936 draft constitution, included mainland China and Mongolia but not Taiwan, which was still a possession of Japan. This legal dilemma has been reviewed by the Taiwanese Supreme Court, which deemed the definition of territory a political concern and refrained from determining exactly what the "existing national boundaries" actually were.

Now, it is obvious that the current Republic of China/Taiwan territories are limited to Taiwan and a few additional islands; Taipei no longer makes much claim to mainland China or Mongolia. Thus, Chen's attempts to "clarify" the boundary definitions in the constitution signal another step toward a more formal independence, laying the groundwork for recognition of Taiwan as it truly exists. From Beijing's perspective, this would eradicate the last vestiges of a link between the sovereignty of Taiwan and the sovereignty of the People's Republic.

If Chen is to succeed in his quest for constitutional change, he must move quickly. Parliamentary elections are due in Taiwan in December, and the Kuomintang Party (KMT) and People First Party have recovered from their differences to field a joint set of candidates, who will have the upper hand over Chen's DPP. The opposition parties already have a slight lead in parliament, making any constitutional change difficult at best -- but then, Chen managed to pass reforms against the wishes of the KMT in 2005, and he could pull it off again.

Self-Generated Pressure: The Olympics

There is one more element that causes Beijing to view Chen as such a dangerous player in 2007: the Olympics. The Chinese leadership has spent years preparing for the big show, and is doing everything in its power to portray China as a major modern nation. The 2008 Olympics will be a venue for showcasing China's modern and global role, and for sweeping away any lingering stigma from the 1989 Tiananmen Square incident (which still haunts China -- for instance, by restricting its access to the European arms market). Beijing wants to use the Olympics to bring China more fully into the world political and security sphere.

But this near-obsession with the Olympics -- and with fostering a sense of stability to go with it -- is an Achilles' heel for Beijing. During this period, Chen might perceive China as being less decisive or less likely to respond militarily to incremental moves toward Taiwanese independence. As Beijing sees it, Chen will capitalize on China's overwhelming desire to maintain its image and make his move while Beijing's hands are tied. According to the same logic, the new U.S. Congress might signal that it, too, supports -- or at least doesn't oppose -- Chen if he should take action now.

Beijing's concern about an attempt by Taipei and Washington to exploit the opportunities of 2007 already has begun to play out in Chinese actions -- specifically with the test earlier this month of an anti-satellite system. Chinese leaders could have carried out such a test at a different time in order to avoid stirring trouble. They didn't. They conducted the test and then, initially, simply winked when Washington called them out -- before finally admitting to it outright and asking no forgiveness. A China deeply concerned about maintaining a nonthreatening image and smooth relations with Washington in the run-up to the Olympics would not behave in that manner.

The Implications

Beijing's choice of actions sends a few very clear messages to Washington and Taipei. First, the regime is signaling that it would be a miscalculation to think the Olympics outweigh China's strategic interests. Beijing wants the Olympics to be a success that substantially alters global opinion of China, but this is not a goal to be achieved at the expense of the state and the party. Second, it has signaled that Taiwan should not be so quick to rely on U.S. naval intervention if the cross-Strait situation deteriorates rapidly. Knocking out the satellite, combined with moving new J-10 fighters to the Taiwan Strait area and tailing a U.S. carrier strike group with a Chinese submarine last year, constitutes a message to the United States that intervention over Taiwan might not be as easy or painless as it was in 1995-1996. This, then, is supposed to convince Washington that it needs to put a little tighter leash on Chen and control his "separatist tendencies."

The political and military stakes are high. While the Chinese military demonstrations are certainly impressive, there are those within the U.S. defense and political establishment who argue that countering China is something better done earlier than later, after Beijing has a chance to build up a more substantial and technologically advanced military force. Further, with China facing its own political sensitivities this year -- as the next-generation leadership is selected and economic and social stresses climb -- Beijing is perhaps at a point of maximum vulnerability, particularly with the added economic burden and international image issues related to the Olympics.

By default or design, 2007 is shaping up to be a very tense year for the China-Taiwan-U.S. relationship.

Monday, 29 January 2007

COOPERAÇÃO TRANSATLÂNTICA

face ao desafio nuclear iraniano 


George Perkovich, Proliferation Papers, n°14, Paris, Ifri
Lire le texte intégral  

.

Cinq scénarios pour la crise nucléaire iranienne


Lire le texte intégral (pdf-381k) version originale en anglais
En savoir plus

22/12/2006 - George Perkovich, Proliferation Papers, n°16, Paris, Ifri, hiver 2006

UM VESTIDO À SÉGOLÈNE OU

UMA MODA MUITO... ROYALE !

 
ROME (AFP) - Un mannequin porte une robe de la griffe italienne Gattinoni sur laquelle est imprimée une photo de la candidate socialiste française Ségolène Royal, à Rome.

"UM NOVO MAPA DO MUNDO ?"

O novo Médio Oriente parece já aí estar...

Nunca acreditei na simplista, redutora e mecânica explicação que os "politicamente (ou será patetas…?) correctos" sacam cada vez que ouvem "Iraque". As guerras do Golfo nunca se poderiam justificar nem explicar pela questão do controlo de um petróleo barato… Para isso, bastaria contratar Saddam, indicar-lhe o objectivo e dar-lhe carta branca.

Tão pouco nunca acreditei na ingenuidade norte-americana. Há nos USA demasiados think-tanks, demasidada experiência acumulada, demasiada informação (desconhecida de quase todos os outros) em cima dos acontecimentos, para que alguém de bom senso acredite no carácter ingénuo das decisões importantes americanas.

Também nunca acreditei que os americanos não saibam que após o início de uma guerra as coisas nunca correm como estava planeado.

Por tudo isto, tenho procurado acompanhar tão perto quanto me é possível o desenrolar dos acontecimentos, neste pós-remoção de Saddam. Para tentar perceber, já que estou convicto que ali se está a jogar muito da construção do que vai ser o mundo do século XXI, que pouco terá a ver com o do século XX.

A "Diplomatie" francesa de Janeiro traz um dossier sobre "um novo mapa para o Médio Oriente" e pergunta-se, sem dar uma resposta clara, se "faut-il ouvrir le débat d'une nouvelle carte du monde?"

Ah, entretanto, pelo meio de tudo isto, o Presidente Bush já avisou os americanos que têm de resolver o seu problema de "adição" ao petróleo e incita a tecnologia a ajudar a resolver este problema.

O mundo, decididamente, é complexo e surpreendente… E avesso a simplismos redutores e mecanistas de gente que ainda vive numas sebentas do século XIX.

CHINA: Leituras aconselháveis

à comitiva do P-M nesta viagem

"  L'assurance pragmatique de la Chine: l'ascension économique et ses effets en matière de politique étrangère

21/12/2006 - Minxin Pei, Proliferation Papers, n°15, Paris, Ifri, automne 2006
Lire le texte intégral (pdf-399k) version originale anglaise...
En savoir plus  "

"   High Growth Rate Drivers

China just reported another year of over 10 percent growth in its GDP. Nobel laureate, Michael Spence, writing in the Wall Street Journal, discusses factors that drive high growth rates [" What Drives High Growth Rates?" 24 January 2007]. He focuses on three of them: demand, technology, and investment.

"With China and India growing at high rates, there has been a dramatic increase in the fraction of the world's population experiencing the benefits and challenges of rapid growth. There are a number of common ingredients in the cases of sustained high growth that have been observed: a functioning market system, high levels of saving, public and private sector investment, resource mobility and the capacity to accomodate rapid change at the microeconomic level without leaving people excessively exposed to the risks inherent in creative destruction."

Those who would like to see the U.S. sustain higher economic growth should note what Spence has to say about the personal savings rate -- especially since it is at an all time low in the U.S. Our economy is being sustained on consumer credit at the moment -- not a good long-term recipe for resilience. I also found it interesting that Spence noted (if only by implication) the fact that creative destruction is important for high growth rates. What exactly does that mean? As I understand it, creative destruction recognizes that Clayton Christensen's "innovator's dilemma" is quite real. That dilemma involves the fact that companies seldom appreciate the impact of disruptive technologies until it is too late. Disruptive technologies (like the PC or iPod) change people's purchasing habits and even lifestyles. Old behavior patterns and products caught in this creative process often end up in the dustbin and people associated with them find themselves out of work. Spence says that a resilient system must accomodate this creative destruction and keep its workforce gainfully employed even through transition periods. Spence continues:

"It is the resources of the global economy that stand out as driving forces in sustaining high growth. These come in three parts.

  • Demand: In a relatively poor economy, demand is limited and its composition does not necessarily correspond to sectors of comparative advantage. The global economy is huge, in comparison; and at the right prices and costs, demand is, for practical purposes, unlimited. ...
  • Technology: A second resource the global economy provides is know-how. This ranges from engineering and production technology to managerial expertise and knowledge of global markets -- and it does not have to be redeveloped domestically from scratch. ...
  • Investment: A third area in which the global economy supports higher than otherwise attainable growth is investment, or more precisely through investment beyond the capacity of the domestic economy to save. One component is FDI, typically not a large fraction of total investment (20% of overall investment would be typical). But its magnitude understates its importance, because of its role in bringing technology, know-how and access to external markets. ...

As the high-growth economies become richer, the relative importance of the domestic economy as a driver of growth increases."

Spence's observations fit neatly with our Development-in-a-Box approach whose foundation is the belief that you don't have to build know-how from scratch. Peter Schwartz of Global Network Solutions points out to audiences that Singapore went from a third-world to first-world country in a single generation by concentrating on education, attracting development funds, and generating a prosperous middle class. Such success can be repeatable. Spence argues:

"People do question the future applicability to developing economies that are 'starting late.' The argument is that for those countries that are not resource-rich, the principal resource that they have is abundant labor, inexpensive relative to its productive value, and that the natural territory for comparative advantage is in labor-intensive manufacturing or services. For these countries, the argument goes, it is impossible to compete with China and prospectively India. One reason is that the size of China and India, and a variety of advantages that go with scale, are insurmountable. Another is that the infrastructure investments make China hypercompetitive and difficult to match. The conclusion is that one needs to wait for China and India to grow, and that at some point their incomes will rise to the point that they are no longer in labor-intensive sectors. This argument is unlikely to be right. While China and India are formidable competitors, exchange rates can adjust to increase the competitiveness of export sectors of new entrants. In addition, while we sometimes talk about labor intensive industry as if it were one big lump, in reality there are hundreds of niches. Further, multinationals are risk-averse and unlikely to source in their supply chains in just one or two countries. Finally, China and India together now account for close to one-fifth of the U.S. economy, and they are becoming an important source of demand for exports of developing countries -- so that newcomers have expanding markets in these two rapidly growing economies. In short, the global economy remains a resource for generating and sustaining high growth in developing countries. China and India, accounting for 40% of the world's population, are in high-growth mode and are pulling much of Asia with them. There have also been recent increases in export and overall growth in Africa, though some of that is attributable to an upsurge in commodity prices. Latin America, with the notable exception of Chile, has been stalled at lower middle-income levels, but has the human resources and other assets to shift back onto high-growth trajectories. The prospects for developing countries are, in fact, probably more favorable now than they have been since World War II. International trade is growing faster than global GDP. The benefits of decades of learning with respect to operating global supply chains are accessible. Information and technology continues to lower transactions costs and to be a powerful integrating force. But perhaps even more important, the key players in all this -- the leaders in emerging economies who have the responsibility for building policies that support private sector entrepreneurship and that lead to sustained inclusive growth -- have a wealth of experience to rely on. No one is in the dark."

Spence's arguments dovetail nicely both with our fundamental assessment of the value of Development-in-a-Box and with Tom Barnett's grand vision that claims connectivity provides much of the answer for bringing countries out of poverty and making the world both safer and more prosperous.

  Taiwan: China Aiming 1,000 Missiles at Island

A top Taiwan Defense Ministry official has warned that China has nearly 1,000 missiles deployed in its territory that could be used to target the island.

Speaking at a press conference Tuesday, Major General Wang Cheng-hsiao said China's arsenal of missiles has increased from nearly 200 in 1996 to 980 this year.

Major General Wang said China has deployed 880 ballistic missiles and 100 cruise missiles that can target the island.

But Taiwan defense officials say China's missiles are not as precise as some believe. Taiwan's military estimates that if 70 percent of China's missiles were used in a conflict situation, Taiwan could retain over 50 percent of its combat capacity.

China claims self-ruled Taiwan is part of its own territory, and has threatened to use force against the island if it makes any formal moves toward independence or if (dormant) negotiations to peacefully reunify ultimately fail.

 

# posted by Confidential Reporter @ 3:43 AM   Wednesday, January 24, 2007

.

" China's Slap-in-the-Face Satellite Strike

Hu First?

Like Joe One, the American code-name (for Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin) for the first Soviet atomic weapon test, which took place on August 29, 1949, the Chinese satellite strike of January 11, 2007 is both literally and figuratively an explosive event--one capable of triggering a terrifying and costly new arms race or cold war.

For the United States, China's destruction of one of its own obsolete weather satellites is at a minimum a serious slap in the face by an increasingly nationalistic regime bent on replacing the US as the global Hegemon. Forget the multipolar baloney meant to calm overseas concerns: Chin's long-term goal is a unipolar world ... dominated by the Middle Kingdom.

The satellite intercept by a medium-range KT-1 ballistic missile belies Beijing's peacefully rising propaganda and the wishful thinking--or outright disinformation--on the part of the fawning US State Department that China is becoming a so-called responsible stakeholder in the international community.

The brazen blast also mocks the absurd argument of US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson that China's economic, political--and even military--rise is somehow in the US national interest. Nothing could be farther from the truth.

The satellite strike could be the tip of the iceberg, or missile, if you will. Worse news is yet to come. The destroyed orbiter occupied a region of space only around 500 miles high--known as low-Earth orbit--which is the lowest of the available satellite orbits. Low-Earth orbit is favored for spy satellites because it gives the military the best possible images of the ground. But analysts say China has developed two longer-range missiles-- the KT-2 and the KT-2A--which carry boosters and are therefore thought to be capable of reaching more critical satellites in higher orbits, including GPS satellites that are crucial for smart weapons--such as cruise missiles--and geostationary broadband communications satellites that orbit at around 22,000 miles.

GPS and broadband satellites are the Achilles' heels of modern warfare. During the Iraq war, satellites accounted for more than 80 percent of communications among allied forces.

Which is why China is so eager to develop the capability of knocking them out. If the US command and control satellite network could be neutralized, the risks of a Chinese invasion of Taiwan would be dramatically reduced. The Chinese test thus constituted a warning shot at the prosperous, democratically governed island, which China has vowed to recover by military means if Taiwan's government moves toward declaring formal independence (or if negotiations aimed at peaceful reunification prove pointless).

Taiwan got the message. On Friday, it expressed concern and anger at China's space war stunt, saying it has revealed Beijing's ambition to become a military superpower.

"China's action makes the whole world suspect that China's self-claimed 'peaceful emergence' is deception and propaganda," Taiwan government spokesman Cheng Wen-tsan said. "Deep in its bones, China want to become a military superpower and dominate the region by force."

Ironically, in written testimony submitted to the US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on the same day China conducted its anti-satellite test, the country was named alongside Russia as "the primary states of concern regarding military space and counter-space programs" by US Army Lt. Gen. Michael Maples, director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.

Said Maples: "Several countries continue to develop capabilities that have the potential to threaten US space assets, and some have already deployed systems with inherent anti-satellite capabilities, such as satellite-tracking laser range-finding devices and nuclear-armed ballistic missiles."

Notwithstanding the above, the word among Washington insiders is that the US State Department and intelligence community was shocked by the Chinese test.

After all the surprises and disappointments in recent years, how could this happen?

  

# posted by Confidential Reporter @ 5:37 PM  

 

 

PERCEPTIONS MANAGEMENT...

As percepções são críticas, daí a necessidade de as gerir... Mesmo (e talvez sobretudo) no que respeita às questões e percepções da guerra. O IFRI recomenda, sobre a questão, a seguinte leitura:

Les photos du « caporal stratégique ». Comment les nouveaux médias changent la guerre

16/11/2006 - Thomas Rid, novembre 2006 (version complète d'un article plus court publié, en allemand, dans le quotidien Der Tagesspiegel)

En savoir plus | Lire le texte (pdf-44ko)

EURO - EUROPEUS CONSIDERAM-NO

NEGATIVO PARA A SUA ECONOMIA

Sondagem do Finantial Times revela percepção negativa do Euro.

Dado o papel da "confiança" na dinâmica (positiva ou negativa) da economia, dado que a "percepção"  e o "comportamento" dos agentes que ela motiva são factores determinantes da evolução económica, talvez valha a pena que os eurocratas e outros "euro-optimistas" olhem bem para esta sondagem, hoje publicada pelo Finantial Times e também divulgada pelo sempre europeísta L'Express:

Les Européens boudent l'euro 

Sondage édifiant publié lundi par le Financial Times : une majorité de Français, d'Allemands, d'Espagnols et d'Italiens estiment que l'euro a nui à leur économie nationale. " Ler AQUI  e  AQUI

Friday, 26 January 2007

moda... moda 2007

mod.jpg

PARIS (AFP) - Petite robe géométrique d'inspiration africaine portée avec un manteau rouge, une création signée Gérald Watelet, lors des défilés haute couture Printemps-Eté à Paris.

 

Mode.jpg
PARIS (AFP), Des mannequins présentent les créations Printemps-été de Nicholas Cauchois lors du défilé Haute Couture de Paris.

PModa.jpg

PARIS (AFP) - Un mannequin présente une création du couturier français Richard René, lors des défilés Haute couture Printemps-été à Paris

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 26, 2007 16:36 | link | comments
Tags: moda

ENERGIA: CONTINUA A SAGA CEGA

EUROPEIA DA MUDANÇA DE MODELO

 

Continua a saga da mudança de modelo energético numa Europa,  sem estratégia e nem ideias claras para tal,  e que Putine submete a fortes constrangimentos na geopolítica da energia. Úlçtimos desenvolvimentos:

 

 

Britain and France face energy-liberalisation clash


Clear battle lines are emerging as EU member states debate whether to break up the distribution and generation arms of large integrated energy groups such as France's EDF and Germany's E.ON.

 

Could corporate America take the lead on climate change?


A new alliance of NGOs and major US corporations has launched an appeal for mandatory action to reduce greenhouse gases, putting pressure on President George W. Bush on the eve of his State of the Union address.

 

 

 Putin renews energy pledges to Europe as 'meat row' cools


The Russian president has said that Moscow wishes to play by market rules on energy supply and transit as he sought to calm European fears voiced by German Chancellor Angela Merkel at a meeting in the Black Sea resort of Sochi.

 

 

European Energy policies: Ten questions, ten answers for the future


Hildegard von Liechtenstein, PhD in engineering, writing for the Thomas More Institute, poses ten questions on European energy policy and reaches the conclusion that the solution to our energy concerns lies with nuclear power.

 

 

EU gets cold feet on capping car emissions


A Commission proposal on reducing cars' carbon-dioxide releases has been delayed because commissioners are unable to agree on whether targets should be binding for manufacturers.

 

  

Commission divided over car-emissions rules


With automobile manufacturers expected to miss their 2012 voluntary target to reduce CO2 emissions, the Commission is divided on whether to introduce new binding legislation.

 

 

Entretanto, os Estados Unidos insistem na mudança de modelo energético pela via das alterações tecnológicas, como se pode ver pelo recente discurso do Presidente Bush:

 

Bush's State of the Union: no energy U-turn


Contrary to expectations, US President George W. Bush's energy and climate-change policy will not drastically alter. His promise to reduce US petrol consumption by 20% in ten years hinges on major technological breakthroughs.

Thursday, 25 January 2007

TENDÊNCIAS 2007

segundo a Stratfo 

"   Why the U.S.-Jihadist War Is Not the Most Important Thing Going On in the World ?

 

Strategic Forecasting"In 2006, the U.S.-jihadist war appeared to reduce itself to the scope of Iraq and to be transformed into a U.S.-Iranian confrontation. Hopes of a political settlement blew apart in the middle of the year, focusing global attention on the outcome in Iraq. But, contrary to the self-indulgent myth, appearances are not reality. The reality is that Iraq is not synonymous with the war, and the U.S.-jihadist war is not the most important thing going on in the world."

 

·  Russia and China will rank at least as high in importance as the U.S. conflicts in the Muslim world.

 

 ·  The United States and Iran are blocking each other's ambitions in Iraq. This will open new possibilities for political arrangements. The war in Iraq will not end in victory for anyone. That will become the basis of all negotiations.

 

·  The United States is the world's leading power. When it moves toward political paralysis, others grow bolder. Aggressiveness will continue from Venezuela to Asia. But the most important moves will come from Russia and China. "

modaIcone.jpg

ÍCONE - Un mannequin, telle une icône, présente une création de Franck Sorbier, lors des défilés haute couture Printemps-Eté 2007 à Paris.(AFP)  

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 25, 2007 19:01 | link | comments
Tags: moda

SÉGOLÈNE E SARKOZY ACUSADOS

DE TORNAR A POLÍTICA "PEOPLE"

A comunicação política moderniza-se em França e a “rede Voltaire” não entende a evolução… E queixa-se. E descobre que a modernização afasta a França da democracia…

Isto porque “La campagne électorale présidentielle française de 2007 ne ressemble pas aux précédentes. Traditionnellement, les candidats se posent en meneurs d’hommes, énoncent des objectifs politiques, déclinent éventuellement un programme pour les mettre en œuvre, et finalement en appellent au peuple. Cette fois, les deux candidats soutenus par les médias se présentent comme des individus exemplaires qui, par leur courage et leur ténacité, vont restaurer des qualités humaines déclinantes dans la société. Ils ne tracent pas de lignes politiques, mais incarnent un comportement idéal. »

JPEG - 10.5 ko

Portanto, para a « rede Voltaire », temos que « La première phase de la campagne électorale présidentielle déconcerte. La politique y a cédé la place à une mise en scène de la personnalité des candidats soutenus par les médias. (…) cette dérive  éloigne la France de la démocratie. »

Como todo o mal tem uma origem, «Nicolas Sarkozy a le premier opéré cette mutation.”

E como fez ele isso ?

JPEG - 37.6 ko“M. Sarkozy a construit cette personnalisation en s’intégrant dans le milieu du spectacle et en adoptant les procédés de communication. Il a séduit en 1989 Cécilia, l’épouse de l’animateur vedette de télévision Jacques Martin, l’a encouragée à divorcer et l’a épousée. Avec elle, pendant plus de quinze ans, il a reçu à dîner à la maison tout ce qui compte de stars du show-bizz et d’hommes d’influence dans le pays. Nicolas & Cécilia ont tissé des liens amicaux avec le plus grand nombre de personnes possible dans la classe dirigeante en utilisant la notoriété des artistes qu’ils invitaient à leur table comme des appâts. Puis, ils se sont voluptueusement glissés dans les pages des magazines people. (…) Chez Nicolas Sarkozy tout est émotion et toute émotion est spectacle»

E quanto a Ségolène Royal ?

« Arrivée beaucoup plus tardivement sur ce créneau people, Ségolène Royal est en train de faire mieux encore. Elle disposait, il est vrai, de deux atouts supplémentaires : son sexe et son patronyme. Son plan de communication a donc été inspiré par le souvenir de celle qui furent en leur temps les femmes les plus aimées au monde : Jackie Kennedy et lady Diana.

« Selon la revue professionnelle Réalités cliniques [1], Mme Royal s’est préparée en subissant une très lourde opération de chirurgie esthétique. Sa mâchoire inférieure, qui était un peu en retrait, a été consolidée. Plus classique, ses dents ont été refaites pour faire disparaître le retrait de ses incisives centrales. Son visage rectifié la rapproche physiquement de ses héroïnes.

"Une garde robe lui a été confectionnée en copiant les célèbres tailleurs de Jackie Kennedy et en déclinant l’usage du blanc. Cela marie la touche moderne de la first lady états-unienne et la symbolique de la pureté. La candidate arbore ce type de tenue en toutes circonstances à l’attention des spectateurs-électeurs français, sans JPEG - 16.2 kotenir compte du contexte. Elle s’est présentée en Chine en doudoune blanche, à la stupéfaction de ses hôtes pour qui le blanc est la couleur du deuil. »

Plus subtil, sa gestuelle et ses déplacements scéniques ont été copiés sur ceux de lady Diana. La candidate s’abstient des grands gestes des bras pour saluer la foule dont sont friands les hommes politiques et préfère un discret signe de la main, comme une vraie princesse. Elle s’abstient d’entrer dans les salles de meeting en fendant la cohue avec une armada de gardes du corps et préfère monter seule sur scène par les coulisses, « royale ». »

Et voilà…

Voilà como certa esquerda é realmente  dinossáurica e partilha uma posição e uma atitude salazarentas. Todo este discurso é o da lamentação do tempo não estar parado, do novo ser surpreendente e não ser a continuação linear do velho. Uma lamentação feita de forma verrinosa mas impotente. E ainda bem que impotente porque senão os franceses iriam conhecer o que os portugueses conheceram com as décadas salazarentas e os russos tiveram com décadas estalinistas: um país parado, à margem do mundo e do tempo, cada dia mais pobre e cada dia mais estúpido, uma realidade cada dia mais cinzenta e chata.

Não está aqui em causa saber se as sociedades mediáticas são boas ou más, face a esta ou aquela norma ou medida. Esse comportamento normativista não interessa aqui para nada. As sociedades mediáticas, como as industriais ou as rurais que as precederam, são. Ponto. Ségo e Sarko (dois nomes bem mediáticos, reveladores de uma falsa ideia de intimidade… a “Voltaire” esqueceu-se ou não viu desta!) querem jogar e ganhar num tabuleiro de uma sociedade mediática. Estudaram as regras do jogo e… jogam-no. Que mal há nisso? Ou na “Voltaire” querem que Sarko e Ségo joguem xadrez com as regras do jogo de damas…? Esta esquerda arcaica faz-me lembrar, cada vez mais, o Salazar na sua recusa totalitária do mundo. Não são, felizmente, deste tempo, mas não o sabem, não querem saber e lamentam que o mundo não se reduza à medida deles... Portanto, o mundo é mau. Eles são bons. E ninguém os percebe!

Disto tudo, porém, há uma conclusão evidente: com esta campanha presidencial, o “perceptions management” desembarcou em França. Certamente, de um voo transatlântico. As suas primeiras vítimas têm nome: Jospin, Villepin, DSK, Fabius… Para quem acaba de chegar não está mal como tableau de chasse!

Deniau.jpgJEAN-FRANÇOIS DENIAU

Logo L'Express

Na edição on-line de hoje do L'Express:

Le dernier voyage de Jean-François Deniau en Afghanistan

+ d'informations

 

·         Article Mort de Jean-François Deniau

·         Archive Portrait et critiques de Lire

·         Site Jean-François Deniau dans les archives de l'INA

·         Site Fiche sur le site de l'Académie française

·         Site Jean-François Deniau

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 25, 2007 17:17 | link | comments
Tags:

QUE EUROPA SE VÊ

DESTE PORTUGAL ?

 

Para um pequeno estado membro da União Europeia, mas geograficamente afastado do “centro político”, constituído pelo triângulo Paris – Bruxelas – Berlim, é absolutamente decisivo o acompanhamento, inteligente e em real-time, do que se passa nesse centro. E indispensável que tal seja visto através de uma grelha própria, construída e informada por concepções e pontos de vista próprios. Sem isso, um tal estado nunca poderá ter êxito na afirmação dos seus pontos de vista próprios e dos seus interesses vitais. A opinião pública de um tal estado tem também de ser sensibilizada, de forma inteligente, para esta realidade. Infelizmente, em Portugal, a “Europa” sempre foi sinónimo de “subsídios”. Quer no discurso dos governantes, quer na percepção da opinião pública… É talvez mais que tempo das coisas mudarem.

 

 

Sécurité et Défense
Une conférence pour faire le point sur la politique européenne de sécurité et de défense


Le 29 janvier 2007, le ministère allemand des affaires étrangères accueillera à Berlin une conférence de deux jours sur la politique de sécurité et de défense européenne (PESD), s'inscrivant dans le cadre de la présidence allemande de l'UE.

 

 

Science et Recherche
Les entreprises en faveur d'une innovation 'ouverte' et de la propriété intellectuelle


Selon une étude récente, les chefs d'entreprise estiment que coopérer avec d'autres sociétés en matière de R&D est essentiel pour leur capacité d'innovation ainsi que pour la maximisation de la valeur de leur propriété intellectuelle.

 

 

The Rise of Knowledge Regions


This study, by Sybille Reichert of the European University Association, examines the role of universities in the emergence of "knowledge regions" and their relationship with the business sector.

 

 

Asia set to challenge EU and US on innovation


"The centre of gravity for innovation is starting to shift from West to East", challenging Europe's endeavours to become "the most competitive knowledge-based economy in the world", new research suggests.

 

 

Politicians 'ignore scientific results'


Politicians believe in research and trust researchers but are not making use of important scientific findings, a new study reveals.

Wednesday, 24 January 2007

Jean-François Deniau

 

O mar era a sua cor preferida e por aí ele deve ter partido.  Já não está connosco, Jean-François Deniau partiu. " Les hommes font l'histoire, mais ne savent pas l'histoire qu'ils font", repetia ele. Mas nunca deixou de fazer a sua, ajudando a fazer a dos outros. A primeira vez que soube da sua existência, estava eu a viver episodicamente na Alemanha e, tempo depois de na noite de fim de ano a URSS ter invadido o Afeganistão, soube de um senhor chamado Jean-François Deniau...

[écran précédent]

Foi dos primeiros ocidentais a ir ao encontro dos homens do  comandante Massoud,  na frente do Panshir. Como foi dos primeiros a ir ao encontro dos "boat-people" do Vietnam. Como sempre foi dos primeiros a estar onde os Direitos do Homem estavam ameaçados. Militar (tinha Cruz de Guerra e a Cruz de Valor Militar), universitário, homem do mar, membro da Academia Francesa, escritor, embaixador, membro de vários governos, Jean-François Deniau criou o "Prémio Sakharov pela Liberdade de Espírito", em 1982, e foi também responsável pelo Tratado de Roma (de cujo Preâmbulo é o autor) que instituiu a Comunidade Económica Europeia. Como recorda a sua biografia oficial do site da Académie:

 

Boat people en mer de Chine« Chargé de mission en 1955 au secrétariat général du Comité interministériel auprès du président du Conseil, il est l’un des responsables du traité de Rome fondant la Communauté européenne.

Membre de la Commission européenne à Bruxelles, chargé de l’aide au développement, puis des relations extérieures. Il crée les principaux mécanismes d’aide en faveur des pays associés du tiers-monde et conduit les négociations européennes et internationales.

Nommé par le général de Gaulle ambassadeur en Mauritanie la veille de ses trente-cinq ans. Ambassadeur auprès du roi d’Espagne en 1976 pour la période de la transition démocratique. Six fois ministre de 1973 à 1980, notamment à la Coopération, aux Affaires européennes, au Commerce Mémoires de 7 viesextérieur. Élu député du Cher en 1978 et président du conseil général en 1980. N'a plus aucun mandat politique.

À partir de 1982, il se consacre au combat des peuples qui, du Cambodge à l’Érythrée et du Liban à l’Afghanistan, sont victimes d’une dictature ou d’une occupation étrangère, à différentes missions, dont la libération d'otages.

Il mène ces activités sans jamais abandonner deux autres passions, celle d’écrire qui lui a valu en 1990 le grand prix Paul Morand de l'Académie française, et celle de la mer. Il est membre de l’Académie de marine et président fondateur du corps des Écrivains de marine.

Élu à l’Académie française, le 9 avril 1992. »

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Hoje, o mundo ficou mais pobre. Partiu o homem que dizia "ce que je déteste par-dessus tout : l'hypocrisie.

Que signifie l'expression «maintenir la paix» dans un pays en guerre ? Rien d'autre que le mensonge et l'hypocrisie.

Je ne compte plus mes voyages à Sarajevo. Ni le nombre de fois où je me suis trouvé sous les bombardements, au milieu de populations en détresse. L'expérience m'a appris que l'on doit pouvoir empêcher un certain nombre de guerres si l'on se montre suffisamment décidé et si l'on s'y prend assez tôt.

Pour cela il faut oser faire confiance aux «amateurs», à ceux qui vont sur le terrain.

Dans ce monde dépourvu de tout code et de tout gendarme, où l'ONU se contente trop souvent de compter les cadavres sans oser distinguer ce qui différencie le bien du mal, les passionnés et les amateurs peuvent jouer un rôle décisif.

Si j'agis souvent ainsi, ce n'est pas par manque de professionnalisme. C'est avant tout parce que j'aime la paix et la démocratie.
L'une, en effet, ne va pas sans l'autre."

À vontade nos salões e nas grandes conferências internacionais, Jean-François Deniau estava igualmente em sua casa na frente de batalha, no deserto ou, sobretudo, no mar ("o Atlântico é o meu deserto", dizia ele). Nesse mar que ele amava ainda mais que o vinho a que se dedicava em terra.

Um copo para a viagem e cumprimentos ao Massoud!

 

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 24, 2007 22:40 | link | comments
Tags:

" Corrupção

Marques Mendes atacou Sócrates por ter rejeitado as propostas de Cravinho sobre corrupção. E anunciou que o PSD vai retomá-las. Extraordinário. Que falta de vergonha. Diz o roto ao nu: qual de nós não quer fazer mesmo nada sobre corrupção?

" Corrupção

João Cravinho vai para Londres e antes da partida decidiu avançar com alguns projectos sobre a corrupção. Claro que o PS não os subscreve. E que diz Cravinho? O PS tem rabos de palha. Claro que tem. Há mais de trinta anos. O PS e os outros partidos. É o sistema. A corrupção está-lhe no sangue.

" Furacão

O Público informa que já estão constituídos 100 arguidos. O Expresso diz que o processo pode ruir por erros do Ministério Público. Cá para mim, que vivo neste sítio muito mal frequentado, não há furacão, nem tempestade, nem vento forte. Acaba tudo numa ligeira brisa.

Verdade ou Consequência

" Emigrantes

"Parece que, nos últimos tempos, 70 ou 80 ou 100 mil almas desertaram do país e foram para o estrangeiro procurar melhor modo de vida. O Governo, naturalmente, achará que é uma traição por parte desses cidadãos que se recusam a testemunhar as luminosas etapas do crescimento português."
Francisco José Viegas in Jornal de Notícias, 08-01-07, via Público

Caro
F. J. V.,

Não são 100 mil, nem sequer 200 mil; estima-se que só no Reino Unido vivam hoje cerca de 800 mil portugueses emigrados para ali na última década e meia. 800 000. Quase um milhão. Tantos quantos os queridos muçulmanos que tanto barulho fazem no multiculturalismo das notícias copy-paste nacionais.

Fogem aos salários baixos e à inflexibilidade laboral; correm para o operariado temporário mas cumpridor, e para a mobilidade que na pátria evitam como o diabo a cruz. Ali não lhes exigem a alfabetização que abandonaram antes do 9.º ano e não necessitam de concorrer com a exploração de imigrantes ilegais. Se tanto, alguns tornam-se no país de acolhimento eles mesmos os exploradores desses infelizes. À laia de engajador, claro está.

O Grande Porto industrial é quem contribui mais para este derrame: não foi pela beleza das Pedras Rubras que a Ryanair inaugurou essa rota a partir de Londres-Stansted; Norwich, Bolton, só para citar algumas cidades, vivem dos embaladores de carne, dos apanhadores de fruta e legumes com pronúncia do norte. Nas cafeterias do aeroporto de Gatwick não se fala outra língua, da cozinha à mesa do freguês.

Ou ainda alguém acredita que a taxa de desemprego se tem mantido quase constante este tempo todo por milagre de N.Sr.ª de Fátima?

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 24, 2007 21:51 | link | comments
Tags: portugal, diáspora

DAVOS E MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA

 

" Climate change to dominate Davos

 

Global business leaders are preparing to wear their brightest shades of green at the World Economic Forum summit in Davos, with 17 sessions dedicated to climate change. " Continua AQUI

CONTRA A INSEGURANÇA DE ESTADO,

UMA ADMIRÁVEL MANIFESTAÇÃO CIVIL

HabeasCorpus.jpg

Impressionante esta civilizadíssima manifestação da sociedade civil portuguesa contra a insegurança que polui, corrói e canceriza este sítio e ameaça fatalmente qualquer cidadão honesto, responsável, com residência e pagador de impostos...  Estas gentes, que produzem peças como esta do tribunal de Torres Novas,   “deviam aprender o clássico daquele direito clássico, que põe a justiça acima do direito e o direito acima da lei”, como ensina o J. A. Maltez.

Porque enquanto tal não acontecer, são eles um factor de insegurança e, portanto, temos que o aparelho que deve assegurar a Justiça se torna um instrumento contra a primeira das liberdades - a do direito à segurança. É esta inversão inaceitável que a sociedade civil, pela primeiríssima vez em Portugal, massivamente se recusa a aceitar. Agora, os Portugueses deram ao seu Estado uma impressionante manifestação de maturidade política, cultural e até tecnológica. Esperemos que a esse "Estado" ainda lhe reste a capacidade de se impressionar.

Bandeira.jpgE é também a primeiríssima vez que a net se revela um fabuloso instrumento democrático de exigência aos aparelhos do Estado de que cumpram o seu papel correctamente e se deixem de perigosos desvarios que podem mesmo pôr em causa a confiança dos cidadãos na democracia. Ou como ouvi, há pouco ali em baixo ao balcão do café do senhor José: "Se isto é que é a democracia...".

ABORTO: UM CHINFRIM PROVINCIANO

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Neste tempo de plena crise de transformação – posto que o mundo em que vivemos nas últimas 6 décadas, de 1945 a 2001, desmoronou-se nas Twin Towers e se iniciou no “09.11” a construção do mundo em que vamos viver no século XXI e sobre o qual, por enquanto, sabemos nada, para além de que será, certamente, surpreendente – neste tempo de imparável mudança acelerada, uma espécie de “irredutíveis gauleses”, na sua aldeia  fechados sobre si mesmos, praticam o mais inenarrável chinfrim provinciano e oferecem ao mundo uma das maiores demonstrações de autismo e esquizofrenia.

 

A cultura do complexo neo-corporativo e salazarento vende cara a pele, pratica uma guerra de retaguarda e insiste em não sair de cena num mundo que já não é o dela. Coisa tanto mais ridícula quanto Badajoz está agora perto e bom caminho, como já  aqui  escrevi. A única racionalidade possível de encontrar nisto – se nisto racionalidade fosse real – seria a de que Badajoz está a subsidiar os senhores e senhoras do “não” e, como a vidinha está cara para todos, há que dar o corpo ao manifesto… Para explicar este desvario, o meu  amigo Maltez  teve de ir buscar um conceito ao século XIX – o conceito durkheimiano de anomia.

 

Mas porque não basta falar de moral e é necessário ter atenção aos aspectos económicos da questão e para que a sua argumentação seja total, falta aos defensores do “não” apresentarem o argumento derradeiro. O da face escondida desta moeda da hipocrisia católica-salazarenta: a despenalização do aborto é factor de diminuição da oferta de criancinhas para os “ballet rose”, “ballet blue” e outras “Catherine Deneuve”, que povoam a tristeza das casas muito pias  dessa gente, entre a santa missa e o serão familiar.

 CHINESES RELANÇAM A

"GUERRA DAS ESTRELAS"

Os chineses parece terem detectado o "espaço" como o ponto mais fraco da capacidade naval americana, dada a dependência dos navios do fornecimento de  "informação" pelos satélites. O objectivo será tornar os navios americanos cegos, surdos e mudos. Situação que os USA não podem, obviamente, tolerar.  A recente experimentação de armas anti-satélite, pelos chineses, reabre assim o adormecido dossier da "guerra das estrelas". George Friedman, da Stratfor, analisa a situação.

" Space and Sea-Lane Control in Chinese Strategy

By George Friedman

Strategic ForecastingAviation Week & Space Technology magazine, citing U.S. intelligence sources, has reported that China has successfully tested an anti-satellite (ASAT) system. According to the report, which U.S. officials later confirmed, a satellite was launched, intercepted and destroyed a Feng Yun 1C weather satellite, also belonging to China, on Jan. 11. The weather satellite was launched into polar orbit in 1999. The precise means of destruction is not clear, but it appears to have been a kinetic strike (meaning physical intercept, not laser) that broke the satellite into many pieces. The U.S. government wants to reveal as much information as possible about this event in order to show its concern -- and to show the Chinese how closely the Americans are monitoring their actions.

The Jan. 17 magazine report was not the first U.S. intelligence leak about Chinese ASAT capabilities. In August 2006, the usual sources reported China had directed lasers against U.S. satellites. It has become clear that China is in the process of acquiring the technology needed to destroy or blind satellites in at least low-Earth orbit, which is where intelligence-gathering satellites tend to operate.

Two things about this are noteworthy. The first is that China is moving toward a space warfare capability. The second is that it is not the Chinese who are announcing these moves (they maintained official silence until Jan. 23, when they confirmed the ASAT test), but Washington that is aggressively publicizing Chinese actions. These leaks are not accidental: The Bush administration wants it known that China is doing these things, and the Chinese are quite content with that. China is not hiding its efforts, and U.S. officials are using them to create a sense of urgency within the United States about Chinese military capabilities (something that, in budgetary debates in Washington, ultimately benefits the U.S. Air Force).

China has multiple space projects under way, but the one it is currently showcasing -- and on which the United States is focusing -- involves space-denial capabilities. That makes sense, given China's geopolitical position. It does not face a significant land threat: With natural barriers like the Himalayas or the Siberian wastes on its borders, foreign aggression into Chinese territory is unlikely. However, China's ability to project force is equally limited by these barriers. The Chinese have interests in Central Asia, where they might find power projection an enticing consideration, but this inevitably would bring them into conflict with the Russians. China and Russia have an interest in containing the only superpower, the United States, and fighting among themselves would play directly into American hands. Therefore, China will project its power subtly in Central Asia; it will not project overt military force there. Its army is better utilized in guaranteeing China's internal cohesiveness and security than in engaging in warfare.

Geopolitics and Naval Power

Its major geopolitical problem is, instead, maritime power. China -- which published a defense white paper shortly before the ASAT test -- has become a great trading nation, with the bulk of its trade moving by sea. And not only does it export an enormous quantity of goods, but it also increasingly imports raw materials. The sea-lanes on which it depends are all controlled by the U.S. Navy, right up to China's brown water. Additionally, Beijing retains an interest in Taiwan, which it claims as a part of China. But whatever threats China makes against Taiwan ring hollow: The Chinese navy is incapable of forcing its way across the Taiwan Strait, incapable of landing a multidivisional force on Taiwan and, even if it were capable of that, it could not sustain that force over time. That is because the U.S. Navy -- using airpower, missiles, submarines and surface vessels -- could readily cut the lines of supply and communication between China and Taiwan.

The threat to China is the U.S. Navy. If the United States wanted to break China, its means of doing so would be naval interdiction. This would not have to be a close-in interdiction. The Chinese import oil from around the world and ship their goods around the world. U.S. forces could choose to stand off, far out of the range of Chinese missiles -- or reconnaissance platforms that would locate U.S. ships -- and interdict the flow of supplies there, at a chokepoint such as the Strait of Malacca. This strategy would have far-reaching implications, of course: the Malacca Strait is essential not only to China, but also to the United States and the rest of the world. But the point is that the U.S. Navy could interdict China's movement of goods far more readily than China could interdict American movement of goods.

For China, freedom of the seas has become a fundamental national interest. Right now, China's access to the sea-lanes depends on U.S. acquiescence. The United States has shown no interest whatsoever in cutting off that access -- quite the contrary. But China, like any great power, does not want its national security held hostage to the goodwill of another power -- particularly not one it regards as unpredictable and as having interests quite different from its own. To put it simply, the United States currently dominates the world's oceans. This is a source of enormous power, and the United States will not give up that domination voluntarily. China, for its part, cannot live with that state of affairs indefinitely. China may not be able to control the sea itself, but it cannot live forever with U.S. control. Therefore, it requires a sea-lane-denial strategy.

Quite naturally, China has placed increased emphasis on naval development. But the construction of a traditional navy -- consisting of aircraft carriers, nuclear attack submarines and blue-water surface systems, which are capable of operating over great distances -- is not only enormously expensive, but also will take decades to construct. It is not just a matter of shipbuilding. It is also a matter of training and maturing a generation of naval officers, developing viable naval tactics and doctrine, and leapfrogging generations of technology -- all while trying to surpass a United States that already has done all of these things. Pursuing a conventional naval strategy will not provide a strategic solution for China within a reasonable timeframe. The United States behaves in unexpected ways, from the Chinese point of view, and the Chinese will need a solution within five years -- or certainly within a decade.

They cannot launch a competitive, traditional navy in that period of time. However, the U.S. Navy has a general dependency on -- and, therefore, a vulnerability related to -- space-based systems. Within the U.S. military, this is not unique to the Navy, but given that the Navy operates at vast distances and has sea-lane-control missions -- as well as the mission of launching aircraft and missiles against land-based targets -- it has a particular dependency on space. The service relies on space-based systems for intelligence-gathering, communications, navigation and tactical reconnaissance. This is true not only for naval platforms, but also for everything from cruise missile guidance to general situational awareness.

Take out the space-based systems and the efficiency of the Navy plummets dramatically. Imagine an American carrier strike group moving into interdiction position in the Taiwan Strait without satellite reconnaissance, targeting information for anti-ship missiles, satellite communications for coordination and so on. Certainly, ship-board systems could substitute, but not without creating substantial vulnerabilities -- particularly if Chinese engineers could develop effective jamming systems against them.

If the Chinese were able to combine kinetic ASAT systems for low-Earth orbit, high-energy systems for communications and other systems in geostationary orbit and tools for effectively denying the electromagnetic spectrum to the United States, they would have moved a long way toward challenging U.S. dominance of space and limiting the Navy's ability to deny sea-lanes to Chinese ships. From the Chinese point of view, the denial of space to the United States would undermine American denial of the seas to China.

Conjecture and Core Interests

There has been some discussion -- fueled by Chinese leaks -- that the real purpose of the Chinese ASAT launch was to prompt the Americans to think about an anti-ASAT treaty. This is not a persuasive argument because such a treaty would freeze in place the current status quo, and that status quo is not in the Chinese national interest.

For one thing, a treaty banning ASAT systems would leave the Chinese without an effective means of limiting American naval power. It would mean China would have to spend a fortune on a traditional navy and wait at least a generation to have it in place. It would mean ceding the oceans to the United States for a very long time, if not permanently. Second, the United States and Russia already have ASAT systems, and the Chinese undoubtedly assume the Americans have moved aggressively, if secretly, to improve those systems. Treaty or no, the United States and Russia already have the technology for taking out Chinese satellites. China is not going to assume either will actually dismantle systems -- or forget how to build them fast -- merely because of a treaty. The only losers in the event of an anti-ASAT treaty would be the countries that do not have them, particularly China.

The idea that what China really wants is an anti-ASAT treaty is certainly one the Chinese should cultivate. This would buy them time while Americans argue over Chinese intentions, it would make the Chinese look benign and, with some luck, it could undermine U.S. political will in the area of the military utilization of space. Cultivating perceptions that an anti-ASAT treaty is the goal is the perfect diplomatic counterpart to Chinese technological development. But the notion itself does not stand up to scrutiny.

The issue for the United States is not so much denying space to China as ensuring the survivability of its own systems. The United States likely has the ability to neutralize the space-based systems of other countries. The strategic issue, however, is whether it has sufficient robustness and redundancy to survive an attack in space. In other words, do U.S. systems have the ability to maneuver to evade attacks, to shield themselves against lasers, to continue their missions while under attack? Moreover, since satellites will be damaged and lost, does the United States have sufficient reserve satellites to replace those destroyed and launchers to put them in place quickly?

For Washington, the idea of an ASAT treaty is not the issue; the United States would love anything that blocks space capabilities for other nations. Rather, it is about building its own space strategy around the recognition that China and others are working toward denying space to the United States.

All of this is, of course, fiendishly expensive, but it is still a lot cheaper than building new naval fleets. The real problem, however, is not just money, but current military dogma. The U.S. military is now enthralled by the doctrine of asymmetric warfare, in which nonstate actors are more important than states. Forever faithful to the assumption that all wars in the future will look like the one currently being fought, the strategic urgency and intellectual bandwidth needed to prepare for space warfare does not currently exist within the U.S. military. Indeed, an independent U.S. Space Command no longer exists -- having been merged into Strategic Command, which itself is seen as an anachronism.

For the United States, one of the greatest prices of the Iraq war is not simply the ongoing conflict, but also the fact that it makes it impossible for the U.S. military to allocate resources for emerging threats. That always happens in war, but it is particularly troubling in this case because of the intractable nature of the Iraq conflict and the palpable challenge being posed by China in space. This is not a challenge that many -- certainly not those at the highest levels of military leadership -- have time to think about while concerned about the future of a few city blocks in Baghdad; but U.S. leaders might, in 10 years, look back on 2007 and wonder what their predecessors were thinking about. "

ENERGIA: GUERRA INTERNA DA EUROPA

NUM SECTOR EM ACELERADA MUDANÇA

A mudança do modelo energético, como era de prever, não é nada pacífica na União Europeia. Interesses opostos, tradições de cultura económica muito diversas e conjunturas políticas nacionais desencontradas promovem um verdadeiro pugilato na arena de Bruxelas, para quem saiba ver para lá do unanimismo dos sorrisos para a fotografia. Neste caso, a "guerra" tem de um lado a França, que se assume como chefe de fila do campo continentalista, e o peso pesado Alemanha, enquanto do outro lado aparecem estados marítimos como a Holanda, a Dinamarca e a Inglaterra, com o apoio de Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Barroso é também desta opinião e da contrária (pois que é preciso ter o apoio da França e da Alemanha para assegurar a sua reeleição...), ou como ele mesmo disse há dias: ""La Commission s'est clairement déclarée en faveur de la dissociation totale, tout en reconnaissant qu'une autre option est possible." Ou seja, estamos perante um dossier incontornável e em que a defesa dos interesses próprios de cada estado está a exigir muita, mas muita mesmo, inteligência económica e estratégica. E onde as operações de perceptions management vão ter orçamentos muito confortáveis. A Euractiv preparou um dossier introdutório a esta matéria:

" Libéralisation des marchés de l'énergie : la France et le Royaume-Uni s'affrontent [en

 

Publié: mardi 23 janvier 2007 EurActiv LogoDes lignes de démarcation apparaissent clairement entre les Etats membres au cours du débat sur la question du démantèlement de grands groupes de production et de distribution d'énergie intégrés, comme EDF (France) et E.ON (Allemagne).

 A lire aussi:

LinksDossier:  

LinksDossier:  

Contexte:

Une enquête de la Commission sur les secteurs européens du gaz et de l'électricité, publiée le 10 janvier 2007, a révélé de "sérieux problèmes de concurrence" dans ces deux secteurs en cours de libéralisation, qui se répercutent sur les consommateurs (EurActiv 11/01/07).

La Commission considère que l'existence de grands groupes énergétiques intégrés, traitant à la fois de la production et de la distribution d'énergie, est l'un des principaux problèmes, car il s'agit d'un "obstacle majeur pour les nouveaux concurrents et d'une menace pour la sécurité de l'approvisionnement".

Enjeux:

Lors d'une réunion du groupe Energie du Conseil le 18 janvier, les diplomates européens ont entamé des négociations officielles sur la poursuite de la libéralisation des marchés de l'énergie. La réponse définitive des Etats membres sur cette question devrait tomber à temps pour le sommet de printemps des 8 et 9 mars prochains. 

Au coeur de ces discussions se trouve la question de la 'scission' de grands groupes intégrés en des entités distinctes pour la production et la distribution d'énergie. 

Présentant les conclusions d'une enquête sur la concurrence dans le secteur énergétique le 10 janvier, la commissaire à la concurrence, Neelie Kroes, a déclaré que dissocier les activités de production et de distribution des entreprises permettrait aux concurrents de mieux accéder aux réseaux et entraînerait au final une baisse des prix (EurActiv 11/01/07).

Cependant, face à l'opposition de la France et de l'Allemagne, la Commission a décidé de ne pas proposer de mesures trop radicales, indiquant que deux options pouvaient être envisagées pour redresser la situation :

  • la 'dissociation de la propriété', où les activités de production d'énergie sont distinctes des activités de distribution sur le réseau;
  • 'un opérateur de système entièrement indépendant', où les entreprises restent détentrices du réseau mais reçoivent un montant fixe pour autoriser les autres opérateurs à l'utiliser.  

Dans le cadre de la législation européenne actuelle, les groupes énergétiques doivent gérer l'infrastructure et la prestation de services sous deux noms juridiques et maintenir des comptes distincts. Toutefois, ils peuvent continuer de détenir le réseau physique et d'offrir les services qui l'utilisent.

Positions:

Près d'un tiers des 27 Etats membres de l'UE ont pris position jusqu'ici, ce qui signifie que rien n'est encore décidé. Néanmoins, des lignes de démarcation claires ont commencé à apparaître.

"Le Royaume-Uni, le Danemark et les Pays-Bas font clairement partie de l'offensive" en faveur d'une scission totale, estime un diplomate français, ajoutant que la Belgique, le Portugal, l'Espagne et l'Italie ne sont pas contre cette idée. 

La France a pour sa part pris la tête du camp opposé. Dans une lettre du 10 janvier adressée au commissaire à l'énergie, Andris Piebalgs, le ministre français délégué à l'industrie, François Loos, a indiqué que le processus de libéralisation n'avait pas permis de baisser les prix pour les consommateurs comme prévu, soulignant que les prix de l'électricité avaient "plus que doublé entre 2004 et fin 2006".

"A l'instar de la Commission, nous considérons donc que des dysfonctionnements existent sur le marché," indique F. Loos, ajoutant : "Mais nous divergeons sur l'identification des causes, et donc des solutions."

F. Loos précise notamment que "la France ne considère pas que ces dysfonctionnements soient liés aux opérateurs énergétiques intégrés, ni à la présence d'opérateurs historiques" comme EDF ou GDF. Au contraire, selon lui, les grands groupes énergétiques européens sont "la garantie de la sécurité de l'approvisionnement", car ils sont en meilleure position pour négocier les prix avec de grands pays fournisseurs comme la Russie.

Parmi les pays à avoir rejoint le camp de la France figurent la République tchèque, l'Autriche et la Hongrie; l'Irlande, la Suède et la Lituanie ont quant à elles exprimé quelques "réserves". 

Cependant, un diplomate britannique estime que le débat pourrait tourner en faveur de la dissociation totale de la propriété. "Cette idée a reçu plus de soutien que prévu" lors de la réunion, indique-t-il, soulignant que le vote à l'unanimité ne serait pas nécessaire au Conseil si la Commission présente une proposition législative officielle à un stade ultérieur.

Avec le système de vote à la majorité qualifiée, il pense que les pays contre la dissociation pourraient se retrouver minoritaires et finirent par être mis sur la touche. Il remarque qu'il n'y a pas eu de positions tranchées contre le projet de scission, ce qui indique peut-être que le débat prend une nouvelle tournure.

Par ailleurs, l'Allemagne, au départ fermement opposée à la dissociation de la propriété, semble avoir assoupli sa position. Dans un entretien avec le Financial Times le 12 janvier 2007, le ministre à l'économie, Michael Glos, a déclaré qu'il "n'excluait aucune option" sur la libéralisation des marchés de l'énergie. 

Il a toutefois insisté sur le fait que "les décisions prises jusqu'à présent, comme l'obligation juridique de séparer les activités de distribution de celles de production, sont appliquées dans tous les Etats comme 'une condition préalable' à toute nouvelle mesure." Dans un deuxième temps, selon lui, un opérateur de système indépendant se chargerait de la gestion des réseaux possédés par de grandes entreprises intégrées. Alors seulement pourrait être envisagée la scission complète des structures de participation. "Si l'opérateur de système indépendant fonctionne, nous n'aurons pas besoin de cette dernière étape," précise M. Glos.

Les déclarations de M. Glos ont rapidement été interprétées par les partisans de la libéralisation complète comme un changement radical de la position de l'Allemagne. Cependant, pour d'autres, il ne s'agit que d'un assouplissement dû avant tout au fait que l'Allemagne détenant la présidence tournante de l'UE jusqu'en juin, elle doit agir en tant que médiateur dans le débat. "Il nous semble qu'il s'agit d'une inflexion, et non d'un revirement de situation," estime une source diplomatique française, qui souligne que la position de M. Glos "ressemble beaucoup à ce que la France recommande jusqu'à présent, à savoir la transposition complète [de la législation existante] avant d'envisager toute nouvelle étape."

Pour sa part, le président de la Commission, José Manuel Barroso, a indiqué sa position lors de la présentation d'un paquet "énergie/changement climatique" le 10 janvier : "La Commission s'est clairement déclarée en faveur de la dissociation totale, tout en reconnaissant qu'une autre option est possible."

Il a également prévenu "qu'une scission moins ambitieuse nécessiterait plus de régulation," entraînant un contrôle accru des grands groupes énergétiques intégrés. 

Développements récents et prochaines étapes:

  • 15 fév. 2007: Conseil Energie
  • 19 fév. : Conseil Compétitivité
  • 20 fév. : Conseil Environnement
  • Avant mars : Le Parlement européen doit débattre et voter sur les propositions de la Commission.
  • 5-6 mars : Le Conseil des ministres des affaires étrangères doit conclure le débat et décider d'un plan d'action.
  • 8-9 mars : Sommet européen (Bruxelles).

Liens

Documents officiels de l'UE

Gouvernement

Positions des acteurs européens

Autres articles

Libéralisation des marchés intérieurs du gaz et de l'électricité [FR]
Le 'paquet énergie/changement climatique' [FR]

Tuesday, 23 January 2007

MODA AZUL

"Variation autour du bleu pour ces deux robes dessinées par Christian Lacroix, présentées lors des défilés Printemps-Eté 2007 à Paris. © 2007 AFP"

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 23, 2007 22:16 | link | comments (2)
Tags: moda

UM APOIO DE PESO PARA SARKOZY? 

SarkoeAlainBauer.jpg

"Creio que Nicolas Sarkozy é capaz de sair da lógica do slogan e trazer um choque de verdade de que o país precisa".  A afirmação é de Alain Bauer, ex-grão mestre do Grande Oriente de França.

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 23, 2007 22:04 | link | comments (1)
Tags: maçonaria
Sunday, 21 January 2007

PRESIDENTE CAVACO NA ÍNDIA

UMA VISITA SEM INTELIGÊNCIA

Para quem ainda não tenha percebido pata que serve a inteligência económica, esta visita do Presidente à India é o momento de aprender. É mesmo um caso de estudo... Vejamos primeiro as notícias e depois vejamos a análise.

“ Negócios de alta tecnologia
Portugal garante gigante Infosys

 

“ Cavaco Silva e Manuel Pinho devem hoje anunciar os contornos do negócio que trará para Portugal uma das maiores empresas de novas tecnologias do Mundo, a Infosys. Presidente da República e ministro da Economia uniram-se para tentar convencer alguns dos empresários que viajam à Índia para a importância de estabelecerem parcerias com aquela que é melhor empresa indiana do seu sector, cotada no Nasdaq de Nova Iorque desde 1999 e que no ano passado atingiu os dois mil milhões de dólares de facturação.

 

“ Ontem, Cavaco Silva anunciou já o acordo feito pelo Governo, através de Manuel Pinho, que garante para os próximos anos 50 estágios anuais para estudantes portugueses licenciados em Informática, nas empresas do chamado 'Silicon Valley' indiano, em Bangalore. E foi o próprio a adiantar, desde logo, que para hoje "é provável que possa haver um bom negócio".

"Já viram o que significa respirar o espírito de inovação desta cidade? Temos de acreditar num novo ciclo. A globalização e estes contactos dos nossos jovens e trabalhadores com outros países, com empresas estrangeiras há-de levar a uma mudança de atitude em Portugal", afirmou Cavaco Silva. E foi nisso precisamente que o Presidente da República e o ministro da Economia trabalharam intensamente depois de cumprida a agenda

 

 

“ À descoberta da Índia
Improvisação salva despedida

 

“ O grande negócio com que Cavaco Silva e Manuel Pinho esperavam fechar a visita à Índia acabou por não se concretizar. Na véspera, o próprio Presidente da República tinha, sorridente, criado a expectativa falando do assunto, mas à última hora motivos ainda desconhecidos inviabilizaram a concretização de qualquer tipo de parceria com a gigante indiana das tecnologias, Infosys. “

.

.

Com toda a sua boa vontade, Cavaco não conseguiu que esta visita fosse o êxito que ele queria e Portugal precisa. Talvez Goa se safe no meio de tudo o resto que não correu como desejado. E, se assim fôr, valeu a pena porque... Goa vale muyitas visitas presidenciais.

É preciso que o Estado aprenda (não um Governo ou um Presidente, mas mesmo que isso se torne cultura de Estado) que neste mundo algo globalizado e muito competitivo do século XXI, estas viagens já não são como no tempo de Mário Soares.

.

Estas visitas têm de ser programadas e preparadas de um modo inteligente e com preocupações de eficácia... Cavaco foi à India com muito boas intenções mas levou com ele uma comitiva preparada para o croquete e a fotografia. E para nada mais! A selecção dos empresários foi feita sem recurso à inteligência económica e por métodos aproximativos (há décadas que são sempre os mesmos!) Os seus negócios e projectos para a India não foram estudados. E nenhuma AIP preparou previamente seminários de formação sobre "Que e como fazer e negociar com a India" para empresários e, eventualmente, algum diplomata menos acomodado ao croquete.

.

A foto de Pinho a ser retratado pela ministra Isabel é bem a fotografia da "cultura" desta visita e acaba por ser o retrato desta viagem. Cavaco merecia mais e Portugal precisa de mais. Esperemos que a próxima visita de Sócrates à India já tenha mais inteligência económica...

.

Para a próxima viagem, falem com o nosso único doutorado nestas matérias, o André Magrinho, ou com o Pedro Santos, mestrando da École de Guerre Economique, de Paris. Em todo o caso, se aprendermos com o fracasso desta viagem para que serve a inteligência económica já terá valido a pena pagar a viagem a Pinho e Isabel para irem fazer fotografias na India...

QUANDO MALTEZ SE DEDICA

AO RETRATO À LA MINUTA...

 

sai um portugal assim:

 

" Entre sobreendividados e enfuracados, há dezenas de milhares de contas bancárias congeladas pelo fisco, neste processo de caloteiragem em curso, onde há transmissões em directo de penhora de antigos heróis mediáticos, enquanto discutimos se os embriões são pessoas humanas, como nega um bispo, com algum bom senso, contrariando a propaganda clerical que continua a insinuar que quem diz sim ao referendo é um adepto do aborto, enquanto o sargento de Torres Novas volta a colocar o problema das leis injustas e dos tribunais que, de silogismo em silogismo, não conseguem garantir aquela clássica hierarquia que põe, acima das leis positivas, tanto o direito como a justiça.

 

Anda tudo trocado. A Igreja e as igrejas pedem que os tribunais, os polícias e as cadeias transformem as ordens normativas da moral e da religião em zonas protegidas pela coacção estadual, assim negando a autonomia da moral, enquanto ciência dos actos dos homens como indivíduos e o transcendente da religião que não pode continuar a situar-se no chanfalho do relaxamento ao braço secular. Os caloteiros e os corruptos brincam às dilações processuais e às evasões fiscais, com muitos garantismos hipócritas e dezenas de requerimentos ao abrigo do código do procedimento administrativo, para sucesso do emprego dos licenciados em leis e cânones, sem direito nem justiça . E a secção manhosa do povinho que acreditou nas patranhas do bacalhau a pataco e do enquanto o pau vai e vem folgam as costas ainda não se consciencializou que nesta quinta dos animais falantes somos todos iguais, mas há sempre alguns mais iguais do que outros. Continua a não haver moralidade e, depois desta interrupção, nem todos os mexilhões vão comer. O programa do sistema vai seguir dentro de momentos e é melhor continuar a jogar no Euromilhões. "

GEOPOLÍTICA DA ENERGIA

numa Europa sem estratégia

Numa Europa totalmente dependente dos fornecimentos estrangeiros de energia e onde a Sonatrach e a Gazprom já se entenderam para dividir o mercado, Sócrates tentar obter alguma estabilidade para Portugal com a proposta aos argelinos de que a parceria estratégica tem de estender-se à energia. Não é fácil mas é possível e necessário. Há muito que deveria ter sido desenvolvido um trabalho de análise estratégica inteligente sobre esta matéria (o comandante Virgílio de Carvalho já o reclamava em meados dos anos oitenta...) mas como não vale a pena chorar sobre petróleo ou gás derramado, a démarche de Sócrates, não sendo suficiente, é mesmo necessária.

Vale a pena reflectir sobre as notícias que dão conta disso bem como sobre outras que põem a nú a situação de dependência de uma Europa sem estratégia para a energia, oscilando entre o "politicamente correcto" das "alternativas" (que não são alternativa algua) e a reacções irritadas e muito estéreis aos gestos "inaceitáveis" (Barroso dixit) de Moscovo, como as da última edição do Le Point.

Portugal/Argélia: Parceria estratégica tem de estender-se à energia - Sócrates
Argel, 21 Jan (Lusa) - A parceria estratégica entre Portugal e a Argélia tem de envolver as empresas dos dois países, cujos governos vêem com "bons olhos" uma ligação no sector da energia, afirmou hoje em Argel o primeiro-ministro, José Sócrates.

" Poutine met l'Europe sous pression

La récente interruption de la livraison de pétrole via la Biélorussie illustre la détermination du Kremlin à recourir à l'arme énergétique pour faire prévaloir ses intérêts. L'Europe tente de s'organiser.

Marc Nexon et étienne Gernelle avec Alain Franco à Bruxelles

Assis au bout d'une longue table en bois vernis au côté de ses ministres, Vladimir Poutine est mal à l'aise. Les yeux roulent nerveusement, la mâchoire est crispée. « Alors, qu'est-ce qu'on a comme solution ? Que faut-il faire ? » Depuis quelques heures, une partie du pétrole extrait du sous-sol russe et destiné à l'Europe ne coule plus. En cause : une guerre commerciale engagée avec la Biélorussie, une ancienne république soviétique. Or, pour faire plier son voisin, Moscou n'a rien trouvé de mieux que d'interrompre les livraisons de brut transitant par la Biélorussie. Le hic ? L'oléoduc assure 30 % des besoins de l'Europe en pétrole.

Le brut n'arrive plus et Bruxelles tempête. « Inacceptable », lâche, glacial, le très diplomatique José Manuel Barroso, président de la Commission européenne. « C'est comme si vous étiez dans un avion et que vous aviez une dispute entre le pilote et une hôtesse pour un dépit amoureux. Vous ne pouvez pas détourner l'avion ! » s'exclame Claude Mandil, le directeur exécutif de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie.

Sauf que, pour Moscou, c'est possible ! Et qu'importe s'il s'agit d'infliger le coup de la panne aux Européens pour la deuxième fois en un an. L'hiver dernier, c'est un différend avec l'Ukraine qui avait provoqué une rupture des approvisionnements en gaz. L'épisode avait déclenché un tollé. Et un laborieux rabibochage avec les autorités russes au cours des mois suivants. Rebelote aujourd'hui ! Certes, l'incident n'a duré que quarante-huit heures, mais c'est suffisant pour ébranler toute l'Europe. Et miner les relations avec le grand voisin dont dépend le quart des besoins énergétiques du Vieux Continent. « La Russie a beaucoup de travail à accomplir pour rétablir la confiance », prévient Andris Piebalgs, commissaire européen à l'Energie.

D'autant que, cette fois, l'Allemagne hausse le ton. Fini l'aimable indulgence de l'ex-chancelier Gerhard Schröder. Angela Merkel, désormais aux commandes, fustige la partie russe. « Même au temps de la guerre froide, il n'y avait pas de problème, dit-elle. Le minimum aurait été d'engager des consultations. » Au Kremlin, on n'en mène pas large. « Notre réputation de fournisseur fiable est atteinte », avoue Guerman Gref, le ministre de l'Economie. L'entourage de Vladimir Poutine laisse même entendre que la décision de couper le robinet aurait été prise sans en référer au président. Et qu'elle serait l'oeuvre de Semen Weinstock, le tout-puissant patron de Transneft, la compagnie des oléoducs. Guère crédible... L'intéressé lui-même se proclame volontiers « le soldat de Poutine ».

Alors, la raison du coup de sang de Moscou ? D'abord une affaire de personnes. Poutine estime avoir été mal récompensé de son soutien apporté au dictateur Alexandre Loukachenko lors de la dernière élection présidentielle biélorusse, il y a moins d'un an. Depuis sa réélection à la soviétique, Loukachenko lui tient tête. « Il veut une fusion avec la Russie à condition d'obtenir une présidence tournante de l'ensemble tous les deux ans », raconte Alexandra Goujon, spécialiste de la Biélorussie à Sciences po. Impensable pour Poutine.

Une affaire de personnes, donc, mais aussi une question de gros sous. Depuis cinq ans, les taxes imposées sur le pétrole russe destiné à l'Europe gonflent principalement les caisses et les poches des dirigeants biélorusses. Et atteignent 3 à 4 milliards de dollars par an. De quoi agacer les Russes, pressés de toucher leur part. D'où l'épreuve de force, vite pliée avec la capitulation de Minsk. « On tient l'économie biélorusse, six mois suffisent à détruire le régime », fanfaronne une source russe.

Il y a, enfin, le réflexe autoritaire de la nouvelle superpuissance énergétique, toujours prompte à rappeler aux Occidentaux qu'il faut désormais compter avec elle. « La Russie a une revanche à prendre sur l'Europe, souligne l'académicienne Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, spécialiste de la région. Elle n'a jamais oublié l'absence de soutien manifesté par les Européens lors de la dislocation de l'empire soviétique et le refus de l'associer à la résolution du conflit du Kosovo. Une humiliation ressentie par le dernier des Russes. L'arme énergétique lui permet de reconquérir sa dignité internationale. »

Quitte à faire preuve de brutalité. Pourquoi s'en priver, puisque sa seule production d'or noir lui permet d'engranger 100 milliards de dollars par an, soit trois fois le PIB du Maroc ! Et d'afficher près de 7 % de croissance annuelle. Son bras armé ? Il tient en sept lettres : Gazprom. Un colosse industriel piloté par Alexeï Miller, proche de Poutine et jadis son adjoint à la mairie de Saint-Pétersbourg. Or la pieuvre du Grand Nord aux réserves gigantesques ne cesse de s'étendre. En Grande-Bretagne, où elle compte déjà plus d'un millier de clients industriels. En Allemagne, où elle détient 15 % du marché de la distribution. En Italie, où elle vient de signer une alliance stratégique avec l'Eni.

Mais aussi en France, où GDF lui déroule le tapis rouge : l'accès à son marché moyennant la sécurisation de ses approvisionnements jusqu'en 2030. Un accord plaqué or pour la compagnie russe. Non seulement celle-ci s'assure une manne financière auprès de l'opérateur français pendant plus de vingt ans, mais elle a désormais toute liberté de dépouiller son portefeuille de clients. Une dizaine d'entre eux ont d'ailleurs tourné casaque. Et Gazprom prévoit d'en enrôler un millier dans les cinq ans. Une offensive rendue possible par la libéralisation des marchés à partir de juillet 2007. Au point qu'une partie de l'état-major de GDF grince. « C'est Munich face aux Russes », entend-on dans les couloirs de l'entreprise française.

Du coup, l'Europe prend peur. Car d'autres mauvaises nouvelles surgissent. Comme le refus du Kremlin de signer la charte de l'énergie appelée à garantir la réciprocité en matière d'accès aux marchés. Ou comme le niet adressé aux Occidentaux désireux de participer à l'exploitation de l'énorme gisement gazier en mer de Barents. Ou encore la quasi-expropriation, il y a deux mois, de la compagnie anglo-néerlandaise Shell de l'immense projet de Sakhaline, dans l'Extrême-Orient russe. Une affaire à 16 milliards d'euros désormais gérée pour moitié par Gazprom.

Alors, face à l'intransigeance russe, l'Europe tente de faire front. Sa dernière carte ? Un plan sur quatre décennies destiné à lutter contre les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, mais aussi à diversifier ses sources d'énergie. Des recommandations ambitieuses assorties de la fin d'un tabou. « Il faut relancer le nucléaire », prône la Commission européenne. Mission ardue. Car l'atome s'offre une nouvelle jeunesse partout dans le monde (avec 24 réacteurs en construction)... sauf en Europe (à l'exception de la Finlande). Et même si l'Allemagne exprime des états d'âme sur le sujet, il est peu probable qu'elle remette en question le démantèlement à terme de ses centrales (voir encadré).

Reste un atout dans la manche de l'Europe : les pipelines. Certes, la Russie dispose d'une toile de 50 000 kilomètres de tuyaux. De la Sibérie aux portes de l'Union. Mais Européens et Américains ne désespèrent pas de la contourner. Le nouveau terrain de bataille s'appelle donc Nabucco. Du nom d'un projet de tuyau de 3 400 kilomètres destiné à acheminer le gaz d'Asie centrale jusqu'en Europe sans recourir aux gazoducs de Moscou. Le « serpent anti-russe » traverserait la Hongrie, la Roumanie, la Turquie avant de rejoindre un tronçon existant en Géorgie et en Azerbaïdjan. « Il suffirait ensuite de le prolonger sous la mer Caspienne pour aller puiser les immenses réserves gazières du Turkménistan », suggère Dominique Fache, ancien vice-président de Schlumberger et expert de la Russie. Sur le papier, de la belle ouvrage... Mais Moscou s'emploie à tuer le projet dans l'oeuf en concevant un réseau concurrent venu du sud de la Russie. En cherchant aussi à débaucher les actuels partenaires de Nabucco, comme la Hongrie.

Grave ? Pas tant que cela. Car les escarmouches russo-bruxelloises occulteraient presque l'essentiel. « C'est d'abord le Moyen-Orient qui couvrira l'augmentation des besoins énergétiques de l'Europe au cours des vingt prochaines années », précise Nicolas Sarkis, directeur de la revue Pétrole et gaz arabe. Pour une raison simple : les deux tiers des réserves mondiales prouvées sont là-bas. Et pour longtemps. Exemples ? L'Irak, l'Iran, les Emirats arabes unis, le Koweït, chacun de ces pays regorge de deux fois plus de pétrole que la Russie. Sans parler de l'Arabie saoudite, dotée de réserves cinq fois supérieures ! L'Union européenne devrait donc cesser de s'angoisser.

D'autant que la guéguerre Moscou-Minsk lui apporte une nouvelle extravagante. Le despote biélorusse Alexandre Loukachenko, sorti tout droit de l'ère Brejnev, se déclare prêt à se tourner vers l'Occident. Or, ça, même dans ses rêves les plus fous, Vladimir Poutine ne pouvait l'imaginer !

Le trésor de guerre de gazprom

C'est un problème de riche, mais un problème tout de même : que faire de son argent ? Gazprom croule sous les pétrodollars et devrait annoncer pour 2006 des résultats record. La Bourse, elle, n'a pas attendu : la capitalisation boursière de Gazprom atteint 256 milliards de dollars, ce qui place le gazier russe sur le podium mondial des entreprises cotées ! Les marges de manoeuvre financières du géant du gaz sont donc immenses. Mais la façon dont il utilise ces possibilités déroute les observateurs. Les sous-investissements notoires dans la production de gaz et dans la rénovation de son réseau de transports inquiètent les clients européens, qui se demandent si leurs contrats seront honorés. Les autorités russes le reconnaissent : les années 2008 et 2009 risquent d'être tendues. Pour pouvoir satisfaire ses engagements internationaux, Gazprom devra trouver un moyen de contenir la consommation en Russie, quitte à procéder à des coupures. En outre, ce qui est investi ne l'est pas toujours rigoureusement. Les coûts pour l'achat de tuyaux, par exemple, sont bien supérieurs à la moyenne du secteur. Un fonds d'investissement « activiste » russe, Hermitage Management, a même bâti sa stratégie autour de cette gabegie : obliger Gazprom à faire preuve de plus de rigueur afin de faire monter le cours.

Pourtant, de l'argent, la compagnie en dépense. Mais plutôt comme on ferait ses courses de Noël. Gazprom va prochainement mettre la main sur 50 % du projet de gaz naturel liquéfié de Sakhaline 2, pour 7,45 milliards de dollars. Shell, Mitsui et Mitsubishi ont été poussés vers la sortie à coups d'enquêtes « environnementales »... Gazprom a également racheté, en 2005, la compagnie pétrolière Sibneft à Roman Abramovitch pour 13 milliards de dollars. Afin de fêter cette acquisition, un siège social pour sa nouvelle filiale sera construit : une tour de 300 mètres au coeur de Saint-Pétersbourg. Un projet pharaonique qui suscite la colère de l'Unesco, qui craint que l'ancienne capitale des tsars ne soit défigurée. Un combat a priori déséquilibré : l'Unesco, combien de milliards ? É. G.

 

Le nucléaire divise l'allemagne

La brève fermeture des vannes de l'oléoduc Droujina ravive en Allemagne le débat politiquement explosif sur le nucléaire. La décision historique prise par le gouvernement rouge-vert de Gerhard Schröder à son arrivée au pouvoir, en 1998, de renoncer à terme à l'énergie nucléaire a été reconduite par la grande coalition chrétiens/sociaux-démocrates qui dirige l'Allemagne depuis un peu plus d'un an. Le traité de coalition fixe le calendrier de démantèlement des centrales nucléaires allemandes, qui devront toutes avoir cessé de fonctionner en 2021. Pas question en effet pour les sociaux-démocrates de vendre leur âme en renonçant à ce cheval de bataille si important dans un pays où l'opinion publique est extrêmement méfiante face au nucléaire.

Ce sujet délicat risque de semer la zizanie dans la coalition. Angela Merkel ne cache pas ses doutes : « Il faut réfléchir aux conséquences de la sortie du nucléaire. » Son ministre de l'Economie et de la Technologie, le Bavarois Michael Glos, lui a emboîté le pas. Près de 100 % du pétrole que consomment les Allemands sont importés. La Russie est le premier fournisseur, suivie de loin par la Norvège. Les pays de l'Opep ne fournissent qu'un petit quart du pétrole allemand. La chancelière estime qu'il est tout à fait légitime, après la panne des livraisons russes, de s'interroger sur les conséquences d'un renoncement à l'énergie atomique.

Dans les rangs de la CSU, la branche bavaroise de la CDU, les critiques sont plus concrètes : il faut au plus vite allonger la durée de vie des réacteurs allemands, estime-t-on. Mais, pour les sociaux-démocrates, il n'est pas question de remettre en question cet acquis. Ils soulignent qu'il n'y aurait sans doute pas de majorité au Bundestag pour une telle démarche. Sigmar Gabriel, ministre social-démocrate de l'Environnement, accuse les apôtres de l'énergie atomique de se servir de cette crise pour semer la panique et réaliser des profits. Pour le SPD, la réponse est dans l'économie d'énergie et le développement des énergies alternatives, éolienne en tête. Mais de plus en plus d'Allemands remettent en question cette source d'énergie de rêve née de la révolution écologique des années 70. L'Allemagne est le premier producteur mondial de cette énergie renouvelable, qui est pourtant loin de concurrencer l'énergie fossile et le nucléaire. Elle est en effet dépendante des conditions météo : pas de vent, pas d'électricité. Le récent incident qui a privé d'énergie électrique pendant quelques heures une partie de l'Europe montre aussi les limites de sa fiabilité technique. La viabilité de cette industrie très coûteuse, abreuvée de subventions et d'avantages fiscaux, est de plus en plus remise en question Pascale Hugues (à Berlin)

Saturday, 20 January 2007

DE FRANCO A ZAPATERO... LA VIDA SIGUE IGUAL !

continuam na mesma, estes espanhóis são mesmo nhurros!

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 20, 2007 06:51 | link | comments (4)
Tags: humor, espanha

EL HOMBRE

 

A eleição do “maior” de um Portugal praticamente milenar serve muito mais para nos informar de como vai a “cultura dominante” no momento, de como vão as cabeças das pessoas, do que para qualquer coisa. Ficamos a saber mais sobre os portugueses que respondem do que acerca da matéria sobre a qual respondem.

Dita esta elementaridade, gostei de, pelo meio da poeira que a coisa levantou, ler o Ferreira Fernandes que à sua maneira disse tudo:

 

“ Há que dizer que maiores de Portugal há muitos, desde que sejam D. João II ”

 

E explica: Dos finalistas quatro estão relacionados (com os Descobrimentos): o Infante, o do pontapé de saída, Vasco da Gama, o do maior feito, Camões, o que os cantou, e D. João II que os organizou.

Os Descobrimentos foram uma empresa pensada: ter os melhores pilotos, formando-os ou contratando estrangeiros, legislar para esconder o saber da concorrência, fazer e procurar  as melhores cartas de marear, arranjar dinheiro, proteger os homens de ciência, saber o que se quer. A obra, a empresa, vista assim no seu conjunto, tem uma cara, a de D. João II.

 

Escassas décadas depois da sua morte bizarra, a Inquisição instalava-se entre nós com suas fogueiras, seu índex e sua censura. Pouco depois, Camões falará de “uma apagada e vil tristeza”. Seguro do que escreve, Pedro Nunes escreverá já a medo. Fernão Oliveira escapa à fogueira por pressão inglesa, entre os exílios e os cárceres inquisitoriais ainda consegue tempo para escrever a primeira gramática do português, a primeira história de Portugal, uma obra sobre a construção naval, o primeiro tratado de estratégia marítima e outras obras que serão silenciadas, algumas até hoje…

 

Até hoje…? Assaltado o poder real por gente que odiava D. João II, o projecto estratégico posto em marcha pelo estratega maior vai ser desviado dos seus objectivos (e Albuquerque morrerá “mal com el-Rei por amor dos homens e mal com os homens por amor d’ el Rei”) e os fabulosos recursos que gera desviados para fins diversos e mesmo contrários dos que o projecto supunha e, portanto, de efeito negativo. Os resultados do projecto estratégico de D. João acabam assim usados contra o próprio projecto, a visão que o suporta e os seus agentes económicos, políticos e militares.  

 

Durante séculos, são os recursos gerados pelo projecto joanino que irão alimentar as fogueiras, a censura e o índex, consolidar as suas posições e enriquecer “santos ofícios”, seus “familiares” e outros domini cannis. E assim Portugal entristeceu até chegar a um século XX dominado pelo triste complexo neo-corporativo e salazarento. Houve, com certeza reacções e revoluções. Intervalos e homens. Castelo-Melhor, Ericeira, Pombal, a longa guerra civil do século XIX, a República…

 

Castelo-Melhor, depois de ganhar a guerra com Espanha, acabou desterrado, Ericeira suicidou-se, Pombal ripostou a tudo mas acabou como Castelo-Melhor e ainda teve de ver a “Viradeira”, a guerra civil do século XIX acabou mal e a República espetou-se nas suas baionetas. Só no fim do século XX, se esgotam as fontes de recursos geradas pela estratégia de D. João II e que haviam sido desviadas para ser utilizadas “contra a lei e contra a grei”.

 

Se ele não tivesse sido envenado (Fernando Campos, na “Esmeralda Partida” tem óptimas páginas sobre o assassinato do Rei) e morto prematuramente (aos 40…), se o projecto estratégico não tivesse sido virado do avesso (pelos Braganças e seus aliados, com o apoio de Castela-Aragão) não seria apenas Portugal que tinha sido muito diferente, seria todo o globo a ser outro. Por isso, pelo que fez e pelo que não lhe deram o tempo de fazer, ele é o estratega maior da história e, obviamente, o Maior dos Portugueses.

 

“Cuida-te, Rei” tinha-lhe dito a feiticeira à beira do caminho… “Murió El Hombre” foi como Isabel a Católica comunicou à sua corte a morte de D. João II.

“El Hombre…”

Friday, 19 January 2007

O MAU EXEMPLO DE CHAVEZ

Na "18H" de hoje, uma entrevista com Carlos Quenan, investigador no Institut des Hautes Etudes de l'Amérique Latine, em França, sobre o mau exemplo que Chavez dá...

" Chavez donne un mauvais signal aux investisseurs étrangers" 

 

 

« A peine réélu, le président vénézuelien se fait voter les pleins pouvoirs à l'intérieur et rêve d'étendre son influence en Amérique Latine en se servant du Mercosur. Interview de Carlos Quenan, chercheur à l'Institut des Hautes Etudes de l'Amérique Latine.

 

A peine réélu à la tête du Venezuela pour six ans, Hugo Chavez vient se faire attribuer les pleins pouvoirs pendant 18 mois par le Parlement. Il participe aux côtés des dirigeants de l'Argentine, du Brésil, du Paraguay, et de l'Uruguay, au Sommet du Mercosur, qui se tient jeudi et vendredi. L'adhésion du Venezuela à cette Communauté d'Etat n'a pas plus d'un an, mais déjà Hugo Chavez parle de refonder l'ensemble. Et d'essayer d'y faire entrer son plus proche allié dans la région après Fidel Castro, le président bolivien Evo Morales, qui vient de demander l'adhésion de son pays au Mercosur. Interview de Carlos Quenan, chercheur à l'Institut des Hautes Etudes de l'Amérique Latine (IHEAL)

 

Quelle est l'approche de Chavez par rapport au Mercosur ?

Chavez parle de « reformater le Mercosur ». En fait, il a bien compris que l'épicentre de l'intégration latino-américaine était cette communauté d'Etat. Il veut s'en servir pour développer une diplomatie d'influence en Amérique latine, grâce à une intégration économique, avec surtout la dimension énergétique, mais aussi une intégration à dimension politique. Cela passe par des grands projets d'infrastructure, comme la contruction d'un immense gazoduc, le Gazoduc du sud, vaste projet avec le Brésil qui doit permettre d'acheminer le gaz vénézuélien jusqu'au Rio de la Plata. Mais c'est aussi l'idée chère à Chavez de création d'une banque régionale du Sud, qui est une façon de contrebalancer le poids de la Banque Interaméricaine de Développement et de la Banque mondiale. Tout cela correspond en fait aux principaux traits de la puissance vénézuélienne, qui est surtout une puissance énergétique et financière.

 

Quelle est son influence réelle dans la région et au-delà ? 

Il a une relation étroite avec l'Argentine, qu'il a beaucoup aidée à sortir de sa crise financière, en rachetant pour 3 milliards de dollars de bons de la dette argentine et en passant des accords commerciaux pour favoriser les achats de produits argentins. Il est très proche de la Bolivie d'Evo Morales, mais ni le président bolivien, ni surtout les présidents Lula et Kirchner du Brésil et d'Argentine ne veulent être associés aux diatribes de Chavez sur les Etats-Unis. Faire entrer le Venezuela de Chavez dans le Mercosur et entretenir des liens étroits avec lui sont pour le Brésil et l'Argentine une façon d'encadrer la dynamique de Chavez. Par contre, il a récemment opéré un rapprochement avec l'Iran, avec certains pays africains, et surtout avec la Chine, avide de ressources pétrolières, afin de diversifier ses débouchés. Car, malgré tous les discours anti-américains de Chavez, près de 60% des exportations venezueliennes sont encore à destination des Etats-Unis. Il cherche à se défaire de cette extrême dépendance historique.

 

Doit-on s'inquiéter des projets de nationalisation annoncés par Hugo Chavez ?

Ca dépend des secteurs. Concernant les télécommunications et l'électricité, où sont surtout présents des multinationales américaines, et dans une moindre mesure espagnoles, il veut en effet renationaliser complètement. Mais il le fera sûrement dans les règles, non pas en expropriant mais en rachetant les parts des sociétés étrangères. Il en a les moyens, avec les revenus du pétrole ! Mais pour le secteur pétroliers, ce qu'il va faire n'est pas encore très clair. On ne sait pas, pour l'instant, s'il va nationaliser entièrement. Des négociations sont en cours avec les compagnies étrangères pour permettre à la compagnie vénézuelienne de prendre une part majoritaire dans le secteur. Et Chavez a, en fait, averti qu'il y aurait nationalisation totale, uniquement si les négociations échouent. C'est une voie qui ressemble à celle de la Bolivie. C'est un bras de fer, mais il sait que le pays ne peut se passer des investissements étrangers, ni des technologies pointues pour exploiter son pétrole. Il n'y a donc pas une impossibilité de faire des affaires au Venezuela, en revanche il montre ainsi les risques que cela comporte, toute la question de la pérennité des règles…

 

Et le vote des pleins pouvoirs jeudi par l'Assemblée ne va pas non plus dans le bon sens ?

C'est effectivement un signe fort. Et il n'avait en réalité pas besoin de ça, puisque la totalité des députés lui étaient déjà acquis (l'opposition ayant boycotté les dernières élections législatives). Cela montre un durcissement du régime et donne des arguments à ceux qui dénoncent une accélération dans le sens d'une dérive autoritaire. Chavez donne là un mauvais signal aux investisseurs étrangers. Mais on ne doit pas conclure qu'il n'y aura plus de place pour le secteur privé. C'est surtout une façon de lui permettre de continuer sur le plan national ses programmes sociaux, en direction des classes pauvres.

 

Propos recueillis par Céline About

 

 

 

 


20-01-2007 0:39:00.  Fonte LUSA.    Notícia SIR-8684311

Temas:  política conflitos venezuela

Venezuela: pessoas armadas ocupam sede de partido político opositor

Por Luís Filipe Gouveia, da Agência Lusa Caracas, 20 Jan (Lusa) - Um grupo não quantificado de pessoas armadas i rrompeu e ocupou, sexta-feira, "em nome do povo", a sede do partido político Um Novo Tempo em Caracas, organização a que pertence o principal candidato opositor , Manuel Rosales, revelaram as rádios e televisões venezuelanas.

 

 

HOMENAGEM A HRANT DINK

o jornalista turco assassinado

Manifestantes em Istambul mostram exemplares do semanário Agos, em que trabalhava Hrant Dink,  e fotografias do jornalista assassinado... Foto de hoje da AFP.

A INDIA SEM SOFTWARE

E QUE CAVACO NÃO VIU

"Des Indiens participent s'apprêtent à prendre un bain lors du "Kumbh Mela", un fête religieuse qui rassemble plusieurs dizaines de milliers de personnes. © 2007 AFP"

 

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 19, 2007 20:12 | link | comments
Tags: fotos e vídeos

MAIS UM ANJO...

фото | MAYOR | ÐЕ ÐÐГЕЛ

...a fazer campanha pelo "não" !

do fotógrafo  Mayor

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 19, 2007 16:28 | link | comments
Tags: fotos e vídeos

O PAPA JACQUES SÉGUÉLA

ESTÁ CHEIO DE REMORSOS

 

« C'est une connerie ces 35 h. Comment ai-je pu faire de la pub pour cela ? »

 

" C'est, Jacques Séguéla, grand manitou des campagnes du PS durant quelques années, qui a prononcé cette phrase historique jeudi matin sur la scène du Théâtre Marigny, où il recevait un prix décerné par une école de commerce. Au public, composé d'Alain Delon, Jean-Pierre Raffarin et son épouse et Alain-Dominique Perrin, entre autres, il a également affirmé qu'il ne savait pas pour qui voter à la prochaine présidentielle. » © Le Point, 19/01/07. "

Thursday, 18 January 2007

ROYAL BRONCA NA CANDIDATURA DE SÉGO

Ségo passou os últimos dois anos a tentar evitar interferências dos organismos e dos elefantes do PSF na sua candidatura. Foi bastante bem sucedida e daí o ter-se conseguido impôr como candidata. Mas isto foi enquanto a candidatura era dela e dos amigoa que a apoiavam... Agora é a candidata do PS e outro galo começa a cantar. A primeira vítima é o seu amigo da primeiro hora, Arnaud Montebourg... O PSF não podia deixar passar uma tão "royal" ocasião sem mostrar os seus velhos predicados! Sarko já deve estar a rir-se...  Para ler e ouvir tudo sobre esta bela bronca, clicar no link abaixo:

Tensions dans l'équipe Royal 

Entretanto, Sarko quer:                

Gagner la bataille de l'intelligence

Logo L'Express

" Pour  "gagner la bataille de l'intelligence",  le ministre-candidat Nicolas Sarkozy a promis d'augmenter le budget de la recherche de 25% en échange d'une réforme du système. Il a également appelé à une réforme profonde de l'université.

 

Le "ministre-candidat" Nicolas Sarkozy a proposé de faire de la recherche la priorité budgétaire de l'Etat et d'y injecter quatre milliards d'euros supplémentaires tout en la réformant.

 

"Pas de réforme, pas de moyens"

 

"Je crois que la recherche doit être avec l'enseignement supérieur la première priorité budgétaire de l'Etat. Je vous propose pour y parvenir un effort historique : augmenter d'un quart le financement de la recherche publique, soit quatre milliards d'euros", a déclaré le ministre de l'Intérieur et de l'Aménagement du territoire à l'Ecole supérieure d'électricité Supélec, sur le plateau de Saclay.

 

"Ce n'est pas une promesse, c'est une nécessité. Sinon, on perdra la bataille de l'intelligence", a-t-il lancé à des centaines de futurs ingénieurs réunis dans un amphithéâtre.

 

Cet apport de fonds devra selon lui s'accompagner d'un effort de rationalisation, car "déverser des moyens financiers sans réformer creuse la dette du pays en pure perte". "Une réforme, des moyens financiers, pas de réforme, pas de moyens financiers", a résumé Nicolas Sarkozy. "

À atenção de Belém, S.Bento, Necessidades,

Av. da Ilha da Madeira, Terreiro do Paço e

ainda alguns outros a quem possa interessar

IRONIA DO MEU AMIGO

JOSÉ ADELINO MALTEZ

    "Um quarto de hora antes de morrer, o regime ainda estava bem"

José Mateus Cavaco Silva at January 18, 2007 15:26 | link | comments
Tags: portugal

COMO SE FABRICA O DISCURSO POLÍTICO E PARA QUE ALVOS

.

.

" SEGO/SARKO – La fabrication du discours
ou les mots de la pré-campagne

par Jean-Philippe Miginiac

 

Strategic-Road.com Analysis 15/01/2007

 

 L'analyse sémantique qui suit a été réalisée à partir des discours, déclarations, débats, interview presse, dont les textes sont disponibles sur les sites internet des candidats (site de l'UMP pour Nicolas Sarkozy et site « Désirs d'avenir » pour Ségolène Royal.  

La pré-campagne est arbitrairement définie comme précédant, strictement, le discours d'investiture de Nicolas Sarkozy, le 14 Janvier 2007, comme candidat de l'UMP. L'analyse n'inclut donc pas ce discours.

 

 

I - L'analyse des catégories de mots employés

 

II L'analyse des univers de référence ou le contexte général des mots employés

 

IIIL'analyse des mots (ou leurs équivalents) employés

 

IVL'analyse des verbes (ou leurs équivalents) employés

 

VL'analyse des adjectifs (ou leurs équivalents) employés "

O 43º...

Meu caro Carlos,

Será que se pode detectar nesta sua nota  um certo grau de satisfação pelo nosso "43º lugar"...? E isto quando a Espanha é 27º,  a Irlanda 7º, Canadá 10º,  Dinamarca 13º, Finlândia 16º,  Japão 18º, Alemanha 19º e só porque  "bem vista a tabela, estamos à frente de países como França e Itália "?

Mas, mesmo se da barra do Tejo a coisa não é muito visível, a França e a Itália são membros muito doentes da Europa... a necessitar de urgentes intervenções estruturais (basta comparar com a situação da Alemanha...) e como está, de resto, bem subjacente em todo o discurso político da Ségo...

EUROPA: UMA COMISSÃO DESFOCADA

FACE AOS DESAFIOS DO MUNDO REAL

 

A presidência alemã define prioridades em I & D, enquanto a Europa começa a ver o centro de gravidade da inovação deslocar-se para a Ásia, pondo em causa o desiderato europeu de ser “a economia do conhecimento mais competitiva do mundo”. Tanto mais grave quanto - é agora demonstrado por recente estudo – os políticos não sabem tomar decisões que potenciem as grandes descobertas científicas. Outro estudo demonstra que o software livre permite às empresas e instituições europeias grandes poupanças no investimento e desenvolvimento, estimulando a economia… mas os políticos talvez não o tenham percebido. Ora isso é tanto mais importante quanto, como acaba de reconhecer o responsável europeu da energia, a EurActiv Logoalta dos preços da energia é… inevitável! No meio deste cenário, a Comissão está preocupada com as suas deficiências em matéria de Comunicação com os cidadãos, que lhe custou duas derrotas históricas na Constituição e na directiva Bolkestein… Será possível!?

 

 

Innovation : l'Asie amenée à défier l'Europe et les Etats-Unis


Selon une nouvelle étude, "le centre de gravité de l'innovation commence à se déplacer d'Ouest en Est", mettant au défi l'Europe qui s'efforce de devenir "l'économie de la connaissance la plus compétitive au monde".

 

 

New European R&D programme launched


The German Presidency has announced that intellectual property rights and debating the long-term development of the EU's research budget will be its R&D priorities. 

 

 

Les hommes politiques 'ne tiennent pas compte des résultats scientifiques'


Une nouvelle étude révèle que les hommes politiques croient en la recherche et font confiance aux chercheurs mais ne mettent pas à profit les grandes découvertes scientifiques.

 

 

Selon une étude, les logiciels libres pourraient stimuler l'économie européenne


Selon une étude financée par la Commission, l'émergence des logiciels libres permet aux entreprises européennes de réaliser d'importantes économies en termes d'investissement et de développement.

 

 

Entretien avec le commissaire Piebalgs : la hausse des prix de l'énergie est 'inévitable'


Lors d'un entretien exclusif avec EurActiv, le commissaire à l'énergie, Andris Piebalgs, a estimé que les nouvelles propositions en matière d'énergie et de lutte contre le changement climatique devraient entraîner une hausse des prix pour les consommateurs. Toutefois, selon lui, payer 5% de plus maintenant évitera des pics de prix à l'avenir.

 

 

L'UE met l'accent sur la qualité du travail


Les ministres de l'emploi et des affaires sociales se réunissent lors d'un sommet informel de trois jours à Berlin pour évoquer les futurs modèles sociaux en Europe et les réformes nécessaires pour concilier flexibilité et sécurité sociale.

 

 

Communication sur l'Europe : La Commission tente de mettre fin au 'rejet mutuel de responsabilité'


Alors que l'Europe est encore ébranlée par les récents fiascos de sa communication sur la Constitution et la directive Bolkestein, une conférence accueillie par la présidence allemande à Berlin tentera de rapprocher les décideurs des citoyens .

 

 

Review of European research area under way


After seven years of building the European Research Area (ERA), Research Commissioner Janez Potocnik is set to launch a review of how the EU's internal science and research market is operating

SOBRE O PRÓXIMO REFERENDO

um texto do Professor Brotas

" A televisão transmitiu a imagem de crentes que, dizendo-se a favor da vida, rezaram numa praça pública em apoio à campanha do NÃO. Havendo que respeitar as crenças e convicções profundas de cada um, há que dizer que estas orações não isentam os que nelas participam da responsabilidade do que se passa no país.

Em Portugal, 18.000 mulheres fizeram uma interrupção voluntária da gravidez o ano passado, algumas em condições deploraveis (50% tinham menos de 24 anos, 40% consideraram a decisão muitíssimo dificil e 35% dificil, a maioria dos motivos que levou ao aborto são de caracter social; são indicações de um inquérito recentemente divulgado pela APF- Associação para o Planeamento da Família). Depois do último referendo, não foi praticamente nada feito para alterar este estado de coisas. A responsabilidade é de toda a sociedade. O que está em causa, neste próximo referendo, é se vamos manter a lei actual, ou se a Assembleia da República vai fazer uma outra.

Podem os apoiantes do NÃO garantir, ou pelo menos transmitir ao País alguma esperança de que a situação será diferente a partir de agora, se a lei continuar a mesma?

Se o SIM vencer, a Assembleia da República terá de elabora uma nova lei. Considero que esta lei deve ter as seguintes três componentes.

  1. Reforço da educação sexual para diminuir os casos de gravidez indesejada.
  2. Apoio dado às mulheres em situações dificeis, sobretudo às mais jovens, para poderem não abortar, no caso de não o desejarem fazer.
  3. Criação de condições para que as mulheres que queiram abortar no periodo indicado no referendo o possam fazer em consições de segurança e respeito.

Considero que os partidos que apoiam o SIM e têm maioria na Assembleia devem utilizar o periodo da campanha para informar os eleitores das características da lei que se dispõem a aprovar na Assembleia, no caso do SIM ganhar."

António Brotas

Wednesday, 17 January 2007

ACERCA DA POSIÇÃO

GEOPOLÍTICA DO IRÃO

Strategic ForecastingGeorge Friedman alerta aqui para o facto de que "the purple prose of the Iranian leadership cannot be taken at face value" e, assim sendo, "to get past the rhetoric, let's begin by considering Iran's objective geopolitical position". Na Stratfor:

" Rhetoric and Reality: The View from Iran

By George Friedman

The Iraq war has turned into a duel between the United States and Iran. For the United States, the goal has been the creation of a generally pro-American coalition government in Baghdad -- representing Iraq's three major ethnic communities. For Iran, the goal has been the creation of either a pro-Iranian government in Baghdad or, alternatively, the division of Iraq into three regions, with Iran dominating the Shiite south.

The United States has encountered serious problems in creating the coalition government. The Iranians have been primarily responsible for that. With the death of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in June, when it appeared that the Sunnis would enter the political process fully, the Iranians used their influence with various Iraqi Shiite factions to disrupt that process by launching attacks on Sunnis and generally destabilizing the situation. Certainly, Sunnis contributed to this, but for much of the past year, it has been the Shia, supported by Iran, that have been the primary destabilizing force.

So long as the Iranians continue to follow this policy, the U.S. strategy cannot succeed. The difficulty of the American plan is that it requires the political participation of three main ethnic groups that are themselves politically fragmented. Virtually any substantial group can block the success of the strategy by undermining the political process. The Iranians, however, appear to be in a more powerful position than the Americans. So long as they continue to support Shiite groups within Iraq, they will be able to block the U.S. plan. Over time, the theory goes, the Americans will recognize the hopelessness of the undertaking and withdraw, leaving Iran to pick up the pieces. In the meantime, the Iranians will increasingly be able to dominate the Shiite community and consolidate their hold over southern Iraq. The game appears to go to Iran.

Americans are extremely sensitive to the difficulties the United States faces in Iraq. Every nation-state has a defining characteristic, and that of the United States is manic-depression, cycling between insanely optimistic plans and total despair. This national characteristic tends to blind Americans to the situation on the other side of the hill. Certainly, the Bush administration vastly underestimated the difficulties of occupying Iraq -- that was the manic phase. But at this point, it could be argued that the administration again is not looking over the other side of the hill at the difficulties the Iranians might be having. And it is useful to consider the world from the Iranian point of view.

The Foundation of Foreign Policy

It is important to distinguish between the rhetoric and the reality of Iranian foreign policy. As a general principle, this should be done with all countries. As in business, rhetoric is used to shape perceptions and attempt to control the behavior of others. It does not necessarily reveal one's true intentions or, more important, one's capabilities. In the classic case of U.S. foreign policy, Franklin Roosevelt publicly insisted that the United States did not intend to get into World War II while U.S. and British officials were planning to do just that. On the other side of the equation, the United States, during the 1950s, kept asserting that its goal was to liberate Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union, when in fact it had no plans, capabilities or expectations of doing so. This does not mean the claims were made frivolously -- both Roosevelt and John Foster Dulles had good reasons for posturing as they did -- but it does mean that rhetoric is not a reliable indicator of actions. Thus, the purple prose of the Iranian leadership cannot be taken at face value.

To get past the rhetoric, let's begin by considering Iran's objective geopolitical position.

Historically, Iran has faced three enemies. Its oldest enemy was to the west: the Arab/Sunni threat, against which it has struggled for millennia. Russia, to the north, emerged as a threat in the late 19th century, occupying northern Iran during and after World War II. The third enemy has worn different faces but has been a recurring threat since the time of Alexander the Great: a distant power that has intruded into Persian affairs. This distant foreign power -- which has at times been embodied by both the British and the Americans -- has posed the greatest threat to Iran. And when the element of a distant power is combined with one of the other two traditional enemies, the result is a great global or regional power whose orbit or influence Iran cannot escape. To put that into real terms, Iran can manage, for example, the chaos called Afghanistan, but it cannot manage a global power that is active in Iraq and Afghanistan simultaneously.

For the moment, Russia is contained. There is a buffer zone of states between Iran and Russia that, at present, prevents Russian probes. But what Iran fears is a united Iraq under the influence or control of a global power like the United States. In 1980, the long western border of Iran was attacked by Iraq, with only marginal support from other states, and the effect on Iran was devastating. Iran harbors a rational fear of attack from that direction, which -- if coupled with American power -- could threaten Iranian survival.

Therefore, Iran sees the American plan to create a pro-U.S. government in Baghdad as a direct threat to its national interests. Now, the Iranians supported the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003; they wanted to see their archenemy, former President Saddam Hussein, deposed. But they did not want to see him replaced by a pro-American regime. Rather, the Iranians wanted one of two outcomes: the creation of a pro-Iranian government dominated by Iraqi Shia (under Iran's control), or the fragmentation of Iraq. A fragmented Iraq would have two virtues. It would prove no danger to Iran, and Iran likely would control or heavily influence southern Iraq, thus projecting its power from there throughout the Persian Gulf.

Viewed this way, Iran's behavior in Iraq is understandable. A stable Iraq under U.S. influence represents a direct threat to Iran, while a fragmented or pro-Iranian Iraq does not. Therefore, the Iranians will do whatever they can to undermine U.S. attempts to create a government in Baghdad. Tehran can use its influence to block a government, but it cannot -- on its own -- create a pro-Iranian one. Therefore, Iran's strategy is to play spoiler and wait for the United States to tire of the unending conflict. Once the Americans leave, the Iranians can pick up the chips on the table. Whether it takes 10 years or 30, the Iranians assume that, in the end, they will win. None of the Arab countries in the region has the power to withstand Iran, and the Turks are unlikely to get into the game.

The Unknown Variables

Logic would seem to favor the Iranians. But in the past, the Iranians have tried to be clever with great powers and, rather than trapping them, have wound up being trapped themselves. Sometimes they have simply missed other dimensions of the situation. For example, when the revolutionaries overthrew the Shah and created the Islamic Republic, the Iranians focused on the threat from the Americans, and another threat from the Soviets and their covert allies in Iran. But they took their eyes off Iraq -- and that miscalculation not only cost them huge casualties and a decade of economic decay, but broke the self-confidence of the Iranian regime.

The Iranians also have miscalculated on the United States. When the Islamic Revolution occurred, the governing assumption -- not only in Iran but also in many parts of the world, including the United States -- was that the United States was a declining power. It had, after all, been defeated in Vietnam and was experiencing declining U.S. military power and severe economic problems. But the Iranians massively miscalculated with regard to the U.S. position: In the end, the United States surged and it was the Soviets who collapsed.

The Iranians do not have a sterling record in managing great powers, and especially in predicting the behavior of the United States. In large and small ways, they have miscalculated on what the United States would do and how it would do it. Therefore, like the Americans, the Iranians are deeply divided. There are those who regard the United States as a bumbling fool, all set to fail in Iraq. There are others who remember equally confident forecasts about other American disasters, and who see the United States as ruthless, cunning and utterly dangerous.

These sentiments, then, divide into two policy factions. On the one side, there are those who see Bush's surge strategy as an empty bluff. They point out that there is no surge, only a gradual buildup of troops, and that the number of troops being added is insignificant. They point to political divisions in Washington and argue that the time is ripe for Iran to go for it all. They want to force a civil war in Iraq, to at least dominate the southern region and take advantage of American weakness to project power in the Persian Gulf.

The other side wonders whether the Americans are as weak as they appear, and also argues that exploiting a success in Iraq would be more dangerous and difficult than it appears. The United States has substantial forces in Iraq, and the response to Shiite uprisings along the western shore of the Persian Gulf would be difficult to predict. The response to any probe into Saudi Arabia certainly would be violent.

We are not referring here to ideological factions, nor to radicals and moderates. Rather, these are two competing visions of the United States. One side wants to exploit American weakness; the other side argues that experience shows that American weakness can reverse itself unexpectedly and trap Iran in a difficult and painful position. It is not a debate about ends or internal dissatisfaction with the regime. Rather, it is a contest between audacity and caution.

The Historical View

Over time -- and this is not apparent from Iranian rhetoric -- caution has tended to prevail. Except during the 1980s, when they supported an aggressive Hezbollah, the Iranians have been quite measured in their international actions. Following the war with Iraq, they avoided overt moves -- and they even were circumspect after the fall of the Soviet Union, when opportunities presented themselves to Iran's north. After 9/11, the Iranians were careful not to provoke the United States: They offered landing rights for damaged U.S. aircraft and helped recruit Shiite tribes for the American effort against the Taliban. The rhetoric alternated between intense and vitriolic; the actions were more cautious. Even with the Iranian nuclear project, the rhetoric has been far more intense than the level of development seems to warrant.

Rhetoric influences perceptions, and perceptions can drive responses. Therefore, the rhetoric should not be discounted as a driving factor in the geopolitical system. But the real debate in Iran is over what to do about Iraq. No one in Iran wants a pro-U.S. government in Baghdad, and blocking the emergence of such a government has a general consensus. But how far to go in trying to divide Iraq, creating a pro-Iranian government in Baghdad and projecting power in the region is a matter of intense debate. In fact, cautious behavior combined with extreme rhetoric still appears to be the default position in Tehran, with more adventurous arguments struggling to gain acceptance.

The United States, for its part, is divided between the desire to try one more turn at the table to win it all and the fear that it is becoming hopelessly trapped. Iran is divided between a belief that the time to strike is now and a fear that counting the United States out is always premature. This is an engine that can, in due course, drive negotiations. Iran might be "evil" and the United States might be "Satan," but at the end of the day, international affairs involving major powers are governed not by rhetoric but by national interest. The common ground between the United States and Iran is that neither is certain it can achieve its real strategic interests. The Americans doubt they can create a pro-U.S. government in Baghdad, and Iran is not certain the United States is as weak as it appears to be.

Fear and uncertainty are the foundations of international agreement, while hope and confidence fuel war. In the end, a fractured Iraq -- an entity incapable of harming Iran, but still providing an effective buffer between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula -- is emerging as the most viable available option."

" Os portugueses...
 do ARF

" Salazar e Cunhal estão entre os portugueses mais votados no concurso da RTP. Não admira. São as duas faces da mesma moeda, deste sítio cada vez mais mal frequentado. Os salazarentos e os cunhalentos estão vivos e recomendam-se. Eles andam por aí. Nos negócios, na política, na cultura e até no desporto.
ARF 3:43 PM "

MR. PINHO GOES TO INDIA...

... mas volta! Nada de entusiasmos, nem de festejos.

 Antigamente, há muito tempo, quando o Gama andava pelo mar, o pinho que ia à india era de Leiria, como toda a gente sabe, e ainda, coisa menos conhecida, de Monchique... Hoje, é isto!

Mudam-se os tempos, mudam-se os pinhos!

 Foto do Luís Carvalhovia Rui Perdigão

NIGÉRIA: SIGNIFICADO DO ATAQUE

ARMADO A TERMINAL PETROLÍFERO

A Lusa deu a notícia mas não perece que muita gente tenha apanhado o significado do facto.

"Nigéria:  "Holandês e três nigerianos mortos no Delta do Níger

Lagos, 16 Jan (Lusa) - Um holandês e três nigerianos foram mortos, hoje à noite, no Delta do Níger, num ataque conduzido por homens armados perto do te rminal petrolífero de Bonni, revelaram fontes concordantes. "

Vale, porém, a pena pegar no facto reportado pelas agências internacionais e, entre nós, difundido pela Lusa e procurar colocá-lo num quadro que permite a leitura da sua real natureza e da sua real dimensão.

A 23 de Dezembro de 2006, John Robb, talvez como merecido presente de Natal, dava ao mundo, em Global Guerrillas, a sua análise Innovation in Nigeria's OSW...  É nesse quadro, abaixo explicitado, que é conveniente e necessário colocar a notícia do ataque que matou os 4 homens no terminal petrolífero nigeriano.

" JOURNAL: Innovation in Nigeria's OSW

Nigeria's open source guerrillas made some amazing strides in method this week in their war against both oil companies and the entrenched kleptocracy in Lagos (this is part of a-long-running-series-on-Nigeria's-global-guerrillas). It is also yet another example of how this century's Spanish civil war (in that the innovations in warfare that presaged the next global war were demonstrated/perfected there), the war in Iraq, continues to make its influence felt globally. The innovations introduced this week include:
  • Car bombs. Car bombs were detonated at two oil company (Agip and Shell) compounds in Port Harcourt (a oil hub city in the Niger delta). Non-vehicular IEDs aren't far behind.
  • Indirect systems disruption. Guerrillas bombed a water pipeline that fed a refinery in southern Nigeria. This method takes advantage of both mutual and input network interdependencies (it is also a variant of a technique that would work extremely well in Saudi Arabia). Read the brief, "Infrastructure Meltdowns" for more on network interdependencies that can be leveraged for systems disruption.
  • Corporate targeting. By focusing on the employees of oil companies, the guerrillas have scored a win: Royal Dutch Shell has started to evacuate all dependents from Nigeria (the car bombs set this in motion). Read the brief: "Target: Corporate Psychology" for more on how to use attacks on corporate psychology to achieve goals in warfare.

Further reading:

Design Flaws, Methods of Attacking Critical Infrastructure

Scale free networks (and their vulnerabilities)

Attacking and Defending Networks

Partial vs. Complete Systems Disruption

NOTE: Nigeria is one of America's primary sources of imported oil (particularly the low-sulfer oil that limits pollution).

Atentado abortado de 21.7.05 em Londres... Julgamento

Que se Passa nas Mesquitas do Ocidente...?

Parte 1

Parte 2Parte 3

ATENÇÃO, MUITA ATENÇÃO A ESPANHA...

"Las familias y las empresas lo tienen cada vez más difícil para hacer frente a los pagos

Las familias y las empresas españolas lo tienen cada vez más difícil para hacer frente a sus compromisos de pago, según los últimos datos publicados por Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). En el mes de noviembre, los impagos aumentaron un 16 por ciento, hasta sumar 835 millones de euros. En el penúltimo mes del año, 426.269 efectos del comercio (letras y pagarés) fueron devueltos por impago, una cantidad que creció el 7,9 por ciento respecto al mismo periodo de 2005, mientras que su importe medio creció el 7,5 por ciento, hasta los 1.958 euros.

MÍSSEIS RUSSOS PARA O IRÃO

"PROTEGERÁN TRES DE SUS CENTRALES NUCLEARES

Irán recibe de Moscú veintinueve sistemas de defensa antiaérea del tipo "Tor"

.

ALIANÇA PETROLERA ANTI-AMERICANA

"Ahmadinejad's Excellent Latin American Adventure

By Douglas Farah

 Iran's president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is making a swing through Latin America this week, his second tour in four months, to cultivate anti-U.S. allies, using trade and ideology as his weapons. He is visiting leaders of what he hopes will be a broad coalition against the United States: his good friend Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, along with Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua, Ecuador's new president Rafael Correa, and Evo Morales of Bolivia.

Iran's geo-strategic interests in the region are easy to see: It desperately needs political allies and new markets for its goods as it comes under increasing pressure from Europe and the United States over its nuclear program.

With some money to burn, Ahmadinejad is looking to buy some friends and support among leaders in a region that is turning increasingly hostile to the United States, free trade and drug erradication programs. Latin American nations now feel they have little to lose by turning against the United States, given the severe drop in U.S interest and attention to the area closest to its southern border.

Ahmadinejad's frequent travels to the region underscore the importance Iran places on a few countries in Latin America. Argentina, to its credit, is still seeking to prosecute senior Iranian officials for their role in directing the 1994 bombing of the Jewish center in Buenos Aires. Everyone else seems to have forgotten the attacks ever happened.

It is unlikely Ahmadinejad is touring Latin America solely for the reasons listed above, however. There is little, in real economic terms, to be gained from Iran-Latin America trade. The political support Iran gathers in Latin America is useful but again, in real terms, not much more than marginal. My full blog is here.

  Em legítima defesa a iraniana Nazanin Fatehi matou o agressor que a queria violar .
O seu caso provocou escândalo, porque em qualquer situação ela vai pagar com sangue... não importa o que aconteça... violada é a lapidação, não violada é o enforcamento!

 .posted by Sliver @ 11:53 PM 0 comments 
  
 Jan 11 :  Nazanin Trial Photos Released

A series of photos have been released from Nazanin Fatehi's Trial:


Jan 3 :  Nazanin Afshin-Jam sends appeal to Iranian Officials

Nazanin Afshin-Jam has sent out an appeal to Iran's Head of Judiciary Ayatollah Shahroudi, Ayatollah Khamenei and President Ahmadinejad urging them to release Nazanin Fatehi.

Nov 27 :  Mini video collage of Nazanin's case

David Etebari, creator of www.mypace.com/savenazanin has creatively put together a compilation collage of Nazanin's case using the Persian Prince's rap song about Nazanin Fatehi. Please pass it along and share it with others.

Nov 16 :  Exclusive new photos of Nazanin and family before she was sentenced

Nazanin's mother Maryam was kind enough to share some photos with us.  




 
http://www.helpnazanin.com/Updates.aspx#20070114
.

"Iranian Rape Victim Nazanin Fatehi Cleared of Murder Charges

 Iranian authorities had sentenced her previously to death for murdering an attacker during an attempted rape.

She will still be asked to pay
"blood money" for her release in the amount of 260 million Iranian riyals ($30,600) to the victim's family.

SOS Iran (Persian) and Help Nazanin report:

Nazanin Afshin-Jam and Mina Ahadi spoke with Nazanin Fatehi's lawyers today regarding her retrial that took place on January 10th 2007.

They have received verbal confirmation from the court that she will be exonerated from the charge of murder. The incident that took place in March 2005 has been recognized as an act of self-defense, however the court has ruled that disproportionate force was used by Nazanin while trying to defend herself and her 15-year old niece. Accordingly, they have asked Nazanin to pay "dieh" (blood money) to receive a pardon from the family of the deceased. Once this amount is paid, Nazanin can be released from prison.
This is wonderful news for those who have been following this outrageous story.

Earlier this week, Egyptian
Imad Kabir was sentenced to three months in jail for "resisting arrest" as he was being sexually abused in an Egyptian jail while the whole violent scene was caught on film.

And...
Or Does It Explode reports the story from Saudi Arabia of the gang rape victim who was sentenced to 90 lashes of the whip because she was alone in a car with a man to whom she was not married. 
posted by Gateway Pundit at 1/14/2007 09:17:00 PM Trackback   "

QUANDO A COMISSÃO DESCOBRE

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA COMUNICAÇÃO

EurActiv LogoLe pluralisme des médias, 'moteur' de la démocratie européenne

Affaires Publiques
Le 15 janvier 2007, la commissaire responsable de la société de l'information et des médias, Viviane Reding, et la vice-présidente de la Commission, Margot Wallström, ont présenté trois nouvelles étapes pour renforcer le pluralisme des médias dans l'UE.

Mozart e os Mistérios Iniciáticos

 

A Ésquilo lança «Mozart e os Mistérios Iniciáticos», de José Manuel Anes e outros, no Espaço D. Dinis,  Av. António Augusto de Aguiar, 17 - 4.º esq., na próxima terça-feira, 23 de Janeiro, às 19h00. A publicação deste livro está integrada nas comemorações do 250º aniversário do nascimento de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Para além dos ensaios dos autores sobre a relação de Mozart com os mistérios iniciáticos, esta obra inclui a edição integral e bilingue do libreto da ópera A Flauta Mágica, a partir da 1.ª edição fac-similada de 1791.

 

Como escreve José Manuel Anes,  «de facto, há três características marcantes em Mozart que (…) são impossíveis de separar: o instrumentista virtuoso, o génio musical e o demandador da Luz. (…) Talvez possamos dizer que, dos que passaram por esses Mistérios, poucos terão sentido tão intensamente esse caminho dramático, mas optimista. E muitos menos terão dado a esse processo espiritual uma dimensão estética como esse génio musical ímpar que foi Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart!»

 

Ao José Manuel Anes, aqui do CLARO, um grande abraço amigo